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Just as he witnesses His lordship, His all-encompassing governance of the world, His wisdom and His mercy, so too does he witness His universal divinity. For He is the One who is God in heaven and God on earth—God in heaven and God on earth.

“All who are in the heavens and the earth ask of Him; every day He is engaged in a matter.”

Likewise, His words:

“And He is Allah in the heavens and on the earth.”

This verse is understood according to one of the two interpretations, following those who pause at His words, “and on the earth.” The meaning is that He is Allah in the heavens and Allah on earth; there is none in either who is Allah other than Him. Although this resembles His words:

“And He is the One who is God in heaven and God on earth,”

it is more emphatic. A comparable statement is His saying:

“Had there been gods in them other than Allah, both would have fallen into ruin.”

He has also said:

“To Him belongs the highest attribute in the heavens and the earth, and He is the Almighty, the All-Wise.”

And He, exalted is He, has said:

“The seven heavens, the earth, and all who are in them glorify Him. There is not a thing that does not glorify Him with praise, but you do not understand their glorification.”

And He has said:

“Do they seek a religion other than Allah’s, when all who are in the heavens and the earth have submitted to Him, willingly or unwillingly, and to Him they will be returned?”

And His words, exalted is He:

“To Allah prostrates whoever is in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly, as do their shadows in the mornings