from Him and bounty. And Allah is All-Encompassing, All-Knowing.” These good deeds, then, are from Allah, Mighty and Majestic, in these two respects.

The first is that He commands and loves them; and when they are good, He affirms them and makes them known. Thus they belong to His knowledge and judgment. They also come from His inspiration to His servant and His favor upon him, without the mediation of the soul or Satan.

They are therefore attributed specifically to Allah because they belong to His knowledge and judgment, and because an angel brings them down to the servant—just as the Quran is specifically attributed to Him as His speech, whereas Musaylimah’s “Quran” is attributed to Satan. The true and just inspirations that Allah casts into believers’ hearts are part of Allah’s revelation, as is what He shows them in dreams. ʿUbādah ibn al-Sāmit said: “A believer’s dream is speech by which the Lord addresses His servant in his sleep.” ʿUmar said: “Draw close to the mouths of the obedient and listen to what they say, for true things become manifest to them.” The Most High has said:

“And when I inspired the disciples: ‘Believe in Me and in My Messenger.’”

“And We inspired the mother of Moses.”

“And We revealed to him: ‘You will surely tell them of this deed of theirs.’”

He also said:

“And inspired it with its wickedness and its righteousness.”

According to the majority view, this means that He inspired the wicked soul with its wickedness and the righteous soul with its righteousness. In his view, inspiration means clarification through scriptural and rational evidence.

Ahl al-Sunnah say: Both kinds are from Allah: this common guidance