and the second is an injunction, namely His words, Exalted is He:

“Do not cause corruption on earth after it has been set right.”

Both statements reinforce the first statement and confirm its meaning. Once He had fully established it and explained what contradicts it, He commanded that He be called upon in fear and hope, since His words, “Indeed, He does not love the transgressors,” relate to His words, Exalted is He, “Call upon your Lord humbly and in private.”

Since His words, “And call upon Him in fear and hope,” encompass all the stations of faith and excellence—love, fear, and hope—He followed them with His words:

“Indeed, Allah’s mercy is near to the doers of good.”

That is, His mercy reaches only those who call upon Him in fear and hope. Such a person is a doer of good, and mercy is near to him, for excellence revolves around these three foundations.

Since supplication offered humbly and in private stands opposed to the transgression of supplicating without humility or privacy, He followed this with His words, Exalted is He:

“Indeed, He does not love the transgressors.”

The expressions “humbly and in private” and “in fear and hope” are in the circumstantial accusative; that is, call upon Him humbly, privately, fearfully, and obediently.

His words, “Indeed, Allah’s mercy is near to the doers of good,” clearly indicate that carrying out this command is the excellence required of you, while what you yourselves seek from