is pure justice, sound reasoning, and equity. The Quran has shown people of reason how it is demonstrated. This is also true of most matters the Quran explains: it sets forth what is true and correct, together with its evidence and proofs. It does not establish these matters merely by reporting them, as many speculative theologians and philosophers may imagine—that its proofs depend on revelation and reports, and must be accepted because the one conveying them is truthful. Rather, its proofs are also rational and demonstrative. It contains the finest and most complete evidence and proofs, presented with the utmost clarity for those endowed with understanding and reason.

Thus, if someone takes these arguments from the Quran and explains them to a person who does not know that it is Allah’s speech, or does not know that the Messenger is truthful, or considers it without presupposing any obligation to accept the speaker’s word, those arguments themselves contain what establishes its truth and demonstrates its soundness.