—such as gratitude to one’s parents and to others who have shown one kindness. For “Whoever does not thank people does not thank Allah.” Yet no one’s rights or favors warrant thanking or obeying them through disobedience to Allah. Allah is the One who bestows the immense blessings that no created being can provide, and even the favors bestowed by created beings come from Him. The Most High says:

“Whatever blessing you have is from Allah.”

And the Most High says:

“He has subjected to you whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth—all from Him.”

Moreover, no one can give recompense for obedience, disobedience, and disbelief as He, glorified is He, does. Thus, it is not permissible to obey a created being in disobedience to the Creator. As the Most High says:

“We have enjoined upon man kindness to his parents. But if they strive to make you associate with Me that of which you have no knowledge, do not obey them.”

And He says in the other verse:

“But if they strive to make you associate with Me that of which you have no knowledge, do not obey them. Yet keep their company in this world with kindness, and follow the way of those who turn to Me.”

The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said in an authentic hadith:

“A Muslim must listen and obey in hardship and ease, whether willing or reluctant, unless commanded to commit a sin. If commanded to commit a sin, he must neither listen nor obey.”

Both Sahih collections report that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said:

“Obedience is only in what is right.”

He also said:

“Whoever commands you to disobey Allah, do not obey him.”

And he said:

“No created being may be obeyed in disobedience to the Creator.”