is for His blessings. It is also worship of Him in recognition of His exclusive right to worship, which encompasses His wisdom. Thus all these matters fall within gratitude. This is why the Quran places such emphasis on gratitude, but not on praise in isolation, since praise is a form of gratitude. Praise—which is gratitude expressed in words—has been prescribed at the beginning of every address, together with affirming Allah’s oneness.

Al-Fātihah contains gratitude and the affirmation of Allah’s oneness. The prescribed sermons must likewise include both. The enduring righteous deeds are of two kinds: “Glory and praise be to Allah” comprises gratitude, declaring Him free of imperfection, and exaltation; “There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah” and “Allah is the Greatest” comprise affirming His oneness and proclaiming His greatness. Allah Most High says:

“So call upon Him with sincere devotion to Him. All praise is for Allah, Lord of all worlds.”

Is praise offered for everything for which someone is commended, even if it is not of his own choosing? Or is praise restricted to matters involving choice, as has been said of blame? This calls for examination, but this is not the place for it.

It is reported in the Sahīh that when the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, raised his head from bowing, he would say:

“Our Lord, to You belongs all praise, enough to fill the heaven and to fill