so I hope to have more followers than any of them on the Day of Resurrection.”

The signs and proofs with which the messengers were sent are Allah’s indications of their truthfulness, through which He guided His servants. They constitute Allah’s testimony that the messengers were truthful in what they conveyed from Him, and what they conveyed includes His testimony concerning Himself in what He has declared.

For this reason, some thinkers have said that a miracle confirms the messenger’s truthfulness and serves as confirmation from the one who sent him. It is thus confirmation through action, equivalent to verbal confirmation, since people do not hear the speech of Allah, who sent him. His confirmation declares the messenger truthful, testifies to his truthfulness, testifies that He sent him, and testifies that everything the messenger conveys from Him is His speech.

One of His names, glorified is He, is al-Mu’min, which, according to one of its two interpretations, means the Confirmer: the One who confirms His prophets’ truthfulness in what they report from Him, through the proofs He provides to establish their truthfulness.

As for the way of direct observation, it consists in His servants seeing signs in the world around them and within themselves that make clear to them that the revelation the messengers conveyed from Allah is true. As the Most High says:

“We will show them Our signs on the horizons and within themselves until it becomes clear to them that it is the truth. Is it not sufficient that your Lord is a Witness over all things?”

That is: is His testimony, which communicates what He knows, not sufficient? This is the revelation He communicated to the Messenger. For Allah is a Witness over all things and knows them. When He reports something and bears witness to it, that is sufficient, even if one has not seen