as He says:

“He sends down the angels with revelation by His command upon whom He wills of His servants: ‘Warn that there is no deity but Me, so fear Me.’”

There are other verses to this effect. It is established through mass transmission and known with necessary certainty that all the messengers reported from Allah that He has borne witness, and continues to bear witness, through His words and speech, that there is no deity worthy of worship except Him. This is known through everyone who conveyed His speech on His behalf. Hence, the Most High says:

“Or have they taken gods besides Him? Say, ‘Produce your proof. This is the reminder for those with me and the reminder for those before me.’”

As for His testimony through His actions, it consists of the evidence He has established indicating His oneness, whose significance can be understood through reason even without any communication from Allah. The terms “testimony,” “indication,” and “guidance” are used in this connection, for evidence clarifies and reveals what it indicates. It thus serves like someone who reports something and bears witness to it. As has been said: “Ask the earth who caused its rivers to flow, planted its trees, brought forth its fruits, gave life to its vegetation, darkened its night, and brightened its day. If it does not answer you in words, it answers you through reflection.”

He, glorified be He, has borne witness to that which He made these things indicate, for their indicative force comes only from His creating them. Thus, since created things indicate that there is no deity worthy of worship except Him, and He, glorified be He, is the One who made them indicate this—for their indicative force comes only from His creating them, and He has made this clear—He is the One who bears witness and makes clear through them that there is no deity worthy of worship except Him. A number of scholars have mentioned this testimony through action.

Ibn Kaysān said:

“Allah bears witness” through His wondrous governance and His works