partner sharing in it. This entails that true sovereignty belongs to Him alone and that His dominion encompasses everything that exists. It thus entails His oneness in lordship and His exclusive right to worship, ruling out any offspring, consort, or partner. For if whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth belongs to Him and is His creation, then none of them can be His offspring, consort, or partner.

He—glorified be He—has employed this very argument in Surah al-Anʿām and Surah Maryam. The Most High said:

“He is the Originator of the heavens and the earth. How could He have a child when He has no consort, and He created all things?”

The Most High also said in Surah Maryam:

“It is not fitting for the Most Merciful to take a child.”

“There is no one in the heavens and the earth but will come to the Most Merciful as a servant.”

This also entails that all longing, supplication, petition, and dependence must be directed to Him alone, for He owns whatever is in the heavens and the earth.

His dealings with His creation never depart from justice and beneficence, and He acts through His creation and His command. He has declared that whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth belongs to Him; thus, in creating and commanding, He acts only within what truly belongs to Him. Since Surah al-Baqarah contains more concerning command and creation than any other surah, Allah Most High declared that all this proceeded from Him within His own dominion. The Most High said:

“Whether you reveal what is within yourselves or conceal it, Allah will bring you to account for it.”

This affirms the perfection of His knowledge