and affirms the Hereafter, describing Paradise and Hell and the bliss and torment they contain; then recounts the creation of the upper and lower worlds; then describes the creation of Adam—peace be upon him—and Allah’s blessings upon him in teaching him, commanding His angels to prostrate before him, and admitting him to Paradise; then recounts his trial with Iblīs and the favorable outcome for Adam—peace be upon him; then presents the “debate” with the Jews among the People of the Book, rebuking them for their disbelief and obstinacy; then discusses the Christians, refutes them, and affirms that the Messiah is Allah’s servant; then establishes abrogation and the wisdom behind its occurrence; then recounts the building of the Sacred House, affirms the reverence due to it, mentions its builder and praises him; then establishes pure monotheism, the religion of Abraham—blessings and peace be upon him—declares those who turn away from it foolish, and recounts his enjoining it upon his sons; and so proceeds, step by step, to the end of the surah—Allah Most High concluded it with comprehensive verses affirming everything the surah contains. The Most High said:

“To Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. Whether you reveal what is within yourselves or conceal it, Allah will bring you to account for it. He then forgives whom He wills and punishes whom He wills. And Allah has power over all things.”

The Most High thus declares that whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth belongs to Him alone, with no