said:
“Beware the believer’s discernment, for he sees by the light of Allah.” He then recited His words: “Indeed, in that are signs for those who discern.”
One of the Companions said, “By Allah, I believe it is indeed the truth that Allah casts into their hearts and hearing.” In Sahīh al-Bukhārī, Abū Hurayrah reports that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said:
“My servant continues to draw near to Me through voluntary acts of worship until I love him. When I love him, I become his hearing with which he hears, his sight with which he sees, his hand with which he grasps, and his foot with which he walks.”
Another version reads:
“Through Me he hears, through Me he sees, through Me he grasps, and through Me he walks.”
He thus states that the servant hears and sees through the Truth. They used to say that tranquillity spoke through the tongue of ‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with him. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said:
“Whoever asks to be appointed a judge and seeks help in obtaining the position will be left to his own resources. But whoever neither asks for it nor seeks help in obtaining it, Allah sends down to him an angel to guide him aright.”
Allah Most High says:
“Light upon light.”
This is the light of faith together with the light of the Quran. He Most High also says:
“Is one who stands upon clear evidence from his Lord, followed by a witness from Him…?”
This is the believer who stands upon clear evidence from his Lord and is followed by a witness from Allah: the Quran. In the Quran, Allah bears witness to the same truth established by the believer’s clear evidence of faith.
Even the most accomplished rational thinkers acknowledged this much when discussing the obligation of rational inquiry and its yielding knowledge. They were told that those devoted to purification, spiritual discipline, worship, and devotion to Allah attain understanding and certain knowledge without rational inquiry. Such was the exchange between the shaykh known as al-Kabīrī and al-Rāzī and his companion. They said to him, “Shaykh, we have heard that you possess certain knowledge.”
He replied, “Yes.”
They asked, “How do you know, when we have been debating