Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

The position stated by Ibn ‘Abbās is that of most jurists. It has also been reported that he granted them three days’ respite.

The second group were “the revilers.” ‘Alī had received word that Ibn al-Sawdā’ was reviling Abū Bakr and ‘Umar, so he sought him out. It is said that he sought him out to kill him, but Ibn al-Sawdā’ fled from him.

The third group were “those who gave him precedence,” who regarded him as superior to Abū Bakr and ‘Umar. It is reported from him through numerous independent chains of transmission that he said:

“The best of this community after its Prophet is Abū Bakr, then ‘Umar.”

Al-Bukhārī narrated this in his Sahīh from Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, who asked his father: “Who is the best of people after the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace?”

He replied: “Abū Bakr.”

He asked: “Then who?”

He replied: “‘Umar.”

The early Shī‘ah did not dispute the superiority of Abū Bakr and ‘Umar; their disagreement concerned only ‘Alī and ‘Uthmān. Thus, Sharīk ibn ‘Abd Allāh said:

“The best of people after the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, are Abū Bakr and ‘Umar.”

He was asked: “You say this, although you are one of the Shī‘ah?”

He replied: “All the Shī‘ah used to hold this view. ‘Alī himself said this from his pulpit—are we then to disbelieve what he said?”

For this reason, Sufyān al-Thawrī said:

“Whoever regards ‘Alī as superior to Abū Bakr and ‘Umar has disparaged the Emigrants and the Helpers. I do not believe that any deed of his ascends to Allah, Mighty and Majestic, while he holds this view.”

Abū Dāwūd narrated this in his Sunan. He appears to have been alluding critically to al-Hasan ibn Sālih ibn Hayy, for the Sālihiyyah Zaydīs, the most upright of the Zaydī groups, are named after him.

وَهَذَا الَّذِي قَالَهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ هُوَ مَذْهَبُ أَكْثَرِ الْفُقَهَاءِ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّهُ أَجَّلَهُمْ ثَلَاثًا. وَالثَّانِيَةُ " السَّابَّةُ " وَكَانَ قَدْ بَلَغَهُ عَنْ ابْنِ السَّوْدَاءِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَسُبُّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ فَطَلَبَهُ. قِيلَ: إنَّهُ طَلَبَهُ لِيَقْتُلَهُ فَهَرَبَ مِنْهُ. وَالثَّالِثَةُ " الْمُفَضِّلَةُ " الَّذِينَ يُفَضِّلُونَهُ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ فَتَوَاتَرَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: خَيْرُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ بَعْدَ نَبِيِّهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ ثُمَّ عُمَرُ وَرَوَى ذَلِكَ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي صَحِيحِهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ أَبَاهُ مَنْ خَيْرُ النَّاسِ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ فَقَالَ: أَبُو بَكْرٍ. قَالَ: ثُمَّ مَنْ؟ قَالَ: عُمَرُ. وَكَانَتْ الشِّيعَةُ الْأُولَى لَا يَتَنَازَعُونَ فِي تَفْضِيلِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ النِّزَاعُ فِي عَلِيٍّ وَعُثْمَانَ؛ وَلِهَذَا قَالَ شَرِيكُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: إنَّ أَفْضَلَ النَّاسِ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ. فَقِيلَ لَهُ تَقُولُ هَذَا وَأَنْتَ مِنْ الشِّيعَةِ؟ فَقَالَ: كُلُّ الشِّيعَةِ كَانُوا عَلَى هَذَا. وَهُوَ الَّذِي قَالَ هَذَا عَلَى أَعْوَادِ مِنْبَرِهِ أَفَنُكَذِّبُهُ فِيمَا قَالَ؟ وَلِهَذَا قَالَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ: مَنْ فَضَّلَ عَلِيًّا عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ فَقَدْ أَزْرَى بِالْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ. وَمَا أَرَى يَصْعَدُ لَهُ إلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَمَلٌ وَهُوَ كَذَلِكَ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد فِي سُنَنِهِ وَكَأَنَّهُ يُعَرِّضُ بِالْحَسَنِ بْنِ صَالِحِ بْنِ حيي فَإِنَّ الزَّيْدِيَّةَ الصَّالِحِيَّةَ وَهُمْ أَصْلَحُ طَوَائِفِ الزَّيْدِيَّةِ يُنْسَبُونَ إلَيْهِ.

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