Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

He—may Allah have mercy on him—was also asked about someone who said:

“Allah spoke directly to Moses. Moses heard His speech with his own ears and comprehended it in his heart. Allah wrote the Torah with His own hand and handed it to Moses, from His hand to his.”

Another person said: “He spoke to him only through an intermediary.”

He answered:

The person who said that Allah spoke directly to Moses—as He has stated in His Book—is correct. As for the person who said that Allah spoke to Moses through an intermediary, he is misguided and mistaken. Indeed, the imams have explicitly stated that anyone who says this must be called upon to repent. If he repents, well and good; otherwise, he is to be put to death. This statement denies what is necessarily known in the religion of Islam and what is established by the Book, the Sunnah, and consensus.

Allah Most High says:

“It is not for any human being that Allah should speak to him except by revelation or from behind a veil,”

and the verse continues. He thus distinguishes between His speaking from behind a veil—as He spoke to Moses—and His speaking through the intermediary of a messenger, as He revealed to prophets other than Moses. Allah Most High says:

“Indeed, We have revealed to you as We revealed to Noah and the prophets after him,”

up to His words:

“And Allah spoke directly to Moses.”

وَسُئِلَ أَيْضًا - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ -: عَمَّنْ قَالَ: كَلَّمَ اللَّهُ مُوسَى تَكْلِيمًا وَسَمِعَتْهُ أُذُنَاهُ وَوَعَاهُ قَلْبُهُ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَتَبَ التَّوْرَاةَ بِيَدِهِ وَنَاوَلَهُ إيَّاهُ مِنْ يَدِهِ إلَى يَدِهِ وَقَالَ آخَرُ: لَمْ يُكَلِّمْهُ إلَّا بِوَاسِطَةِ. فَأَجَابَ: الْقَائِلُ الَّذِي قَالَ: إنَّ اللَّهَ كَلَّمَ مُوسَى تَكْلِيمًا - كَمَا أَخْبَرَ فِي كِتَابِهِ - مُصِيبٌ وَأَمَّا الَّذِي قَالَ: كَلَّمَ اللَّهُ مُوسَى بِوَاسِطَةِ فَهَذَا ضَالٌّ مُخْطِئٌ؛ بَلْ قَدْ نَصَّ الْأَئِمَّةُ عَلَى أَنَّ مَنْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّهُ يُسْتَتَابُ فَإِنْ تَابَ وَإِلَّا قُتِلَ؛ فَإِنَّ هَذَا الْكَلَامَ إنْكَارٌ لِمَا قَدْ عُلِمَ بِالِاضْطِرَارِ مِنْ دِينِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَلِمَا ثَبَتَ بِالْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ وَالْإِجْمَاعِ. قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: {وَمَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَنْ يُكَلِّمَهُ اللَّهُ إلَّا وَحْيًا أَوْ مِنْ وَرَاءِ حِجَابٍ} الْآيَةَ فَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَ تَكْلِيمِهِ مِنْ وَرَاءِ حِجَابٍ - كَمَا كَلَّمَ مُوسَى - وَبَيْنَ تَكْلِيمِهِ بِوَاسِطَةِ رَسُولٍ كَمَا أَوْحَى إلَى غَيْرِ مُوسَى قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: {إنَّا أَوْحَيْنَا إلَيْكَ كَمَا أَوْحَيْنَا إلَى نُوحٍ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ} إلَى قَوْلِهِ: {وَكَلَّمَ اللَّهُ مُوسَى تَكْلِيمًا} .

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