Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

This verse is evidence against you, for when He says:

“No new reminder comes to them from their Lord,”

it is understood that some reminders are new and others are not. When an indefinite noun is qualified, the qualification distinguishes what possesses that attribute from what does not. This is like saying, “No Muslim man comes to me without my honouring him,” or “I eat only lawful food,” and similar expressions.

It is also clear that “new” in this verse does not mean “created,” as the Jahmī claims. Rather, it means newly revealed. Allah sent down the Quran portion by portion, so what was revealed first is old relative to what was revealed later. Everything that precedes something else is called “old” in Arabic, as He says:

“Like an old date stalk.”

And He says:

“By Allah, you are indeed in your old error.”

And He says:

“Since they have not been guided by it, they will say, ‘This is an old falsehood.’”

And He says:

“Have you considered what you have been worshipping—you and your forefathers of old?”

The same applies to His words:

“We have made it an Arabic Quran.”

He did not merely say, “We have made it,” which might be understood to mean, “We have created it.” Rather, He said:

“We have made it an Arabic Quran,”

meaning that He made it Arabic. He had the power to send it down in a non-Arabic language; when He sent it down in Arabic, He thereby made it Arabic rather than non-Arabic.

This matter is one of the foundational principles of the people of faith and the Sunnah, by which they distinguish themselves from the Jahmiyyah among the Mu'tazilah, the philosophers, and others like them. It is discussed at length elsewhere. And Allah knows best.

هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ حُجَّةٌ عَلَيْك فَإِنَّهُ لَمَّا قَالَ {مَا يَأْتِيهِمْ مِنْ ذِكْرٍ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ مُحْدَثٍ} عَلِمَ أَنَّ الذِّكْرَ مِنْهُ مُحْدَثٌ وَمِنْهُ مَا لَيْسَ بِمُحْدَثِ؛ لِأَنَّ النَّكِرَةَ إذَا وُصِفَتْ مُيِّزَ بِهَا بَيْنَ الْمَوْصُوفِ وَغَيْرِهِ كَمَا لَوْ قَالَ: مَا يَأْتِينِي مِنْ رَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ إلَّا أَكْرَمَتْهُ وَمَا آكُلُ إلَّا طَعَامًا حَلَالًا وَنَحْوَ ذَلِكَ وَيُعْلَمُ أَنَّ الْمُحْدَثَ فِي الْآيَةِ لَيْسَ هُوَ الْمَخْلُوقَ الَّذِي يَقُولُهُ الجهمي وَلَكِنَّهُ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ جَدِيدًا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ يُنَزِّلُ الْقُرْآنَ شَيْئًا بَعْدَ شَيْءٍ فَالْمُنَزَّلُ أَوَّلًا هُوَ قَدِيمٌ بِالنِّسْبَةِ إلَى الْمُنَزَّلِ آخِرًا. وَكُلُّ مَا تَقَدَّمَ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ فَهُوَ قَدِيمٌ فِي لُغَةِ الْعَرَبِ كَمَا قَالَ: {كَالْعُرْجُونِ الْقَدِيمِ} وَقَالَ: {تَاللَّهِ إنَّكَ لَفِي ضَلَالِكَ الْقَدِيمِ} وَقَالَ: {وَإِذْ لَمْ يَهْتَدُوا بِهِ فَسَيَقُولُونَ هَذَا إفْكٌ قَدِيمٌ} وَقَالَ: {أَفَرَأَيْتُمْ مَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْبُدُونَ} {أَنْتُمْ وَآبَاؤُكُمُ الْأَقْدَمُونَ} وَكَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: {جَعَلْنَاهُ قُرْآنًا عَرَبِيًّا} لَمْ يَقُلْ جَعَلْنَاهُ فَقَطْ حَتَّى يُظَنَّ أَنَّهُ بِمَعْنَى خَلَقْنَاهُ؛ وَلَكِنْ قَالَ: {جَعَلْنَاهُ قُرْآنًا عَرَبِيًّا} أَيْ صَيَّرْنَاهُ عَرَبِيًّا لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ كَانَ قَادِرًا عَلَى أَنْ يُنَزِّلَهُ عَجَمِيًّا فَلَمَّا أَنْزَلَهُ عَرَبِيًّا كَانَ قَدْ جَعَلَهُ عَرَبِيًّا دُونَ عَجَمِيٍّ. وَهَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةُ مِنْ أُصُولِ أَهْلِ الْإِيمَانِ وَالسُّنَّةِ الَّتِي فَارَقُوا بِهَا الْجَهْمِيَّة مِنْ الْمُعْتَزِلَةِ وَالْفَلَاسِفَةِ وَنَحْوِهِمْ وَالْكَلَامُ عَلَيْهَا مَبْسُوطٌ فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.

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