There is no doubt that their position ultimately amounts to Pharaoh’s, even if they do not understand this. Pharaoh denied what Moses told him: that his Lord is the Most High and that He had spoken to him. As Allah Most High says:

“Pharaoh said, ‘O Hāmān, build me a tower so that I may reach the ways—the ways into the heavens—and look upon the God of Moses, though I certainly think he is a liar.’”

Thus, he denied that Allah had spoken to Moses.

These people, however, say that if Allah creates speech in something other than Himself, He thereby becomes the one speaking it. This is falsehood and error for many reasons.

First, Allah, glorified be He, has caused all things to speak, both in ordinary and extraordinary ways. Allah Most High says:

“Today We shall seal their mouths, and their hands will speak to Us, and their feet will bear witness to what they used to earn.”

And He says:

“When they reach it, their hearing, their sight, and their skins will testify against them concerning what they used to do. They will say to their skins, ‘Why did you testify against us?’ They will reply, ‘Allah, who causes all things to speak, has caused us to speak.’”

And He says:

“On the Day when their tongues, their hands, and their feet will testify against them concerning what they used to do.”

He also says:

“We subjected the mountains to glorify Us with him in the evening and at sunrise.”

Furthermore, “it has been established that pebbles used to glorify Allah in the hand of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and that a stone used to greet him.” There are other similar instances of inanimate things being made to speak. If creating speech in something other than Himself made Him the one speaking it, then all of this would be the speech of Allah Most High, and He would have spoken to whoever heard it just as He spoke to Moses son of ‘Imrān. Indeed, it is established that Allah is the Creator of