Allah and is uncreated, and the unqualified declaration that whoever says it is created has disbelieved likewise became widespread.

As for declaring that Allah did not speak to Moses, this contradicts the explicit text of the Quran and is therefore graver than saying that the Quran is created. Such a person must undoubtedly be called upon to repent; if he repents, well and good; otherwise, he is to be put to death, for he has denied the explicit text of the Quran. This is the ruling issued by the imams and the early generations concerning such a person. Whoever says that the Quran is created agrees with him in substance; this is why the early generations declared him an unbeliever.

Al-Bukhārī said in The Creation of Acts: “Sufyān al-Thawrī said: ‘Whoever says that the Quran is created is an unbeliever.’”

He also reported that ‘Abd Allāh ibn al-Mubārak said: “Whoever says that ‘Indeed, I am Allah; there is no deity but Me’ is created is an unbeliever. It is not fitting for any created being to say this.”

He also reported that Ibn al-Mubārak said: “We do not say, as the Jahmiyyah do, that He is here on earth. Rather, He rose over the Throne.” He was asked, “How are we to know our Lord?” He replied, “Above His heavens, over His Throne, distinct from His creation.”

He also said: “Whoever says that ‘There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah’ is created is an unbeliever. We can recount the words of the Jews and Christians, but we cannot recount the words of the Jahmiyyah.”

He also reported that ‘Alī ibn ‘Āsim said: “Those who say that Allah has a child are no greater in disbelief than those who say that Allah does not speak.”

Al-Bukhārī said: “Ismā‘īl ibn Abī Idrīs used to call them the heretics of Iraq.”