Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

Nor did the early generations say that the Prophet heard it from Allah Most High, as some later scholars claim. Allah Most High says:

“Allah has certainly bestowed a favour upon the believers by sending among them a Messenger from their own midst, reciting His verses to them.”

In the two Sahīh collections, Ibn Masʿūd is reported to have said:

“The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to me, ‘Recite the Quran to me.’ I said, ‘Shall I recite it to you when it was revealed to you?’ He replied, ‘I like to hear it from someone else.’ So I recited Surah al-Nisā’ to him until I reached this verse: ‘How will it be when We bring a witness from every nation and bring you as a witness against these?’ He said, ‘That is enough.’ I looked, and his eyes were streaming with tears.”

The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, heard it from Gabriel, who brought it down to him. Gabriel heard it from Allah Most High, as Ahmad and other imams explicitly stated. Allah Most High says:

“Say: Whoever is an enemy to Gabriel—it is he who brought it down upon your heart by Allah’s permission.”

And Allah Most High says:

“The Trustworthy Spirit brought it down”
“upon your heart, so that you might be one of the warners,”
“in a clear Arabic tongue.”

Allah Most High also says:

“When We replace one verse with another—and Allah knows best what He sends down—they say, ‘You are only a fabricator.’ Rather, most of them do not know.”
“Say: The Holy Spirit has brought it down from your Lord in truth.”

Thus He, glorified be He, states that the Holy Spirit—who is the Trustworthy Spirit, Gabriel—brought it down from Allah in truth. None of the early generations said that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, heard it from Allah. Only some later scholars said this.

وَلَمْ يَقُلْ السَّلَفُ: إنَّ النَّبِيَّ سَمِعَهُ مِنْ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى كَمَا يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ بَعْضُ الْمُتَأَخِّرِينَ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: {لَقَدْ مَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إذْ بَعَثَ فِيهِمْ رَسُولًا مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ يَتْلُو عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتِهِ} وَفِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ عَنْ {ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ اقْرَأْ عَلَيَّ الْقُرْآنَ قُلْت: أَقْرَأُ عَلَيْك وَعَلَيْك أُنْزِلَ؟ قَالَ إنِّي أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَسْمَعَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِي فَقَرَأْت عَلَيْهِ سُورَةَ النِّسَاءِ حَتَّى بَلَغْت إلَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ {فَكَيْفَ إذَا جِئْنَا مِنْ كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ بِشَهِيدٍ وَجِئْنَا بِكَ عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ شَهِيدًا} قَالَ: حَسْبُك فَنَظَرْت فَإِذَا عَيْنَاهُ تَذْرِفَانِ مِنْ الْبُكَاءِ} . وَالنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَمِعَهُ مِنْ جِبْرِيلَ وَهُوَ الَّذِي نَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ بِهِ وَجِبْرِيلُ سَمِعَهُ مِنْ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى كَمَا نَصَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَحْمَد وَغَيْرُهُ مِنْ الْأَئِمَّةِ قَالَ تَعَالَى: {قُلْ مَنْ كَانَ عَدُوًّا لِجِبْرِيلَ فَإِنَّهُ نَزَّلَهُ عَلَى قَلْبِكَ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ} وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: {نَزَلَ بِهِ الرُّوحُ الْأَمِينُ} {عَلَى قَلْبِكَ لِتَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُنْذِرِينَ} {بِلِسَانٍ عَرَبِيٍّ مُبِينٍ} وَقَالَ تَعَالَى {وَإِذَا بَدَّلْنَا آيَةً مَكَانَ آيَةٍ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يُنَزِّلُ قَالُوا إنَّمَا أَنْتَ مُفْتَرٍ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ} {قُلْ نَزَّلَهُ رُوحُ الْقُدُسِ مِنْ رَبِّكَ بِالْحَقِّ} فَأَخْبَرَ سُبْحَانَهُ أَنَّهُ نَزَّلَهُ رُوحُ الْقُدُسِ - وَهُوَ الرُّوحُ الْأَمِينُ وَهُوَ جِبْرِيلُ - مِنْ اللَّهِ بِالْحَقِّ وَلَمْ يَقُلْ أَحَدٌ مِنْ السَّلَفِ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَمِعَهُ مِنْ اللَّهِ وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ ذَلِكَ بَعْضُ الْمُتَأَخِّرِينَ.

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