it is conveyed.” This is unlike the acts and voices of His servants: whoever denies that these are created is a misguided innovator.

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As for the objection:

“You say that the Quran is an attribute of Allah and that Allah’s attributes are uncreated. If you say that this is Allah’s very speech, then you have affirmed indwelling, yet you declare those who profess indwelling and union to be unbelievers. If you say otherwise, you have adopted our position.”

Anyone who understands what we have pointed out will find it easy to answer this objection and others like it. The misconception arises because the statement “This is Allah’s speech” is taken to mean that the same judgments apply to it whether His speech is heard directly from Him or conveyed on His behalf. This is where various groups diverge.

One group said: “This is Allah’s speech, and this consists of created letters and sounds; therefore, Allah’s speech is created.”

Another group said: “This is created, whereas Allah’s speech is not created; therefore, this is not Allah’s speech.”

Another group said: “This is Allah’s speech, and Allah’s speech is not created. This is also our utterance and our recitation; therefore, our utterance and our recitation are uncreated.”