Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

up to His words:

“Say, ‘Glory be to my Lord! Am I anything but a human messenger?’”

At other times, they fault him for having human needs, as in His words:

“They say, ‘What sort of messenger is this, who eats food and walks through the marketplaces? Why has no angel been sent down to him to be a warner alongside him? Or why has no treasure been bestowed upon him, or a garden provided for him to eat from?’”

Allah therefore commanded him to declare that he does not know the unseen, does not possess Allah’s treasures, and is not an angel with no need of food or wealth. He merely follows what is revealed to him. Following what is revealed to him is religion itself: obeying and worshipping Allah in knowledge and action, inwardly and outwardly.

He receives of those three only as much as Allah Most High grants him: he knows what Allah teaches him, can do what Allah enables him to do, and can dispense with whatever Allah frees him from needing, in matters that depart from the regular course of things or from what most people ordinarily experience.

Extraordinary occurrences belonging to the category of knowledge sometimes take the form of Allah enabling a servant to hear what others cannot hear. At other times, the servant sees what others cannot see, whether awake or asleep. At still other times, he knows what others do not know, through revelation and inspiration, or through the imparting of immediate knowledge or accurate discernment.

These experiences are termed unveiling, witnessing, disclosures, and communications: hearing involves communications, seeing involves witnessing, and knowledge involves disclosure. All of this is called “unveiling” and “disclosure,” meaning that the matter has been unveiled to him.

إلَى قَوْلِهِ {قُلْ سُبْحَانَ رَبِّي هَلْ كُنْتُ إلَّا بَشَرًا رَسُولًا} وَتَارَةً يَعِيبُونَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَاجَةَ الْبَشَرِيَّةَ كَقَوْلِهِ: {وَقَالُوا مَالِ هَذَا الرَّسُولِ يَأْكُلُ الطَّعَامَ وَيَمْشِي فِي الْأَسْوَاقِ لَوْلَا أُنْزِلَ إلَيْهِ مَلَكٌ فَيَكُونَ مَعَهُ نَذِيرًا} {أَوْ يُلْقَى إلَيْهِ كَنْزٌ أَوْ تَكُونُ لَهُ جَنَّةٌ يَأْكُلُ مِنْهَا} . فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُخْبِرَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَعْلَمُ الْغَيْبَ وَلَا يَمْلِكُ خَزَائِنَ اللَّهِ وَلَا هُوَ مَلَكٌ غَنِيٌّ عَنْ الْأَكْلِ وَالْمَالِ إنْ هُوَ إلَّا مُتَّبِعٌ لِمَا أُوحِيَ إلَيْهِ وَاتِّبَاعُ مَا أُوحِيَ إلَيْهِ هُوَ الدِّينُ وَهُوَ طَاعَةُ اللَّهِ وَعِبَادَتُهُ عِلْمًا وَعَمَلًا بِالْبَاطِنِ وَالظَّاهِرِ وَإِنَّمَا يَنَالُ مِنْ تِلْكَ الثَّلَاثَةِ بِقَدْرِ مَا يُعْطِيه اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فَيَعْلَمُ مِنْهُ مَا عَلَّمَهُ إيَّاهُ وَيَقْدِرُ مِنْهُ عَلَى مَا أَقْدَرَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَيَسْتَغْنِي عَمَّا أَغْنَاهُ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ مِنْ الْأُمُورِ الْمُخَالِفَةِ لِلْعَادَةِ الْمُطَّرِدَةِ أَوْ لِعَادَةِ غَالِبِ النَّاسِ. فَمَا كَانَ مِنْ الْخَوَارِقِ مِنْ " بَابِ الْعِلْمِ " فَتَارَةً بِأَنْ يُسْمِعَ الْعَبْدَ مَا لَا يَسْمَعُهُ غَيْرُهُ. وَتَارَةً بِأَنْ يَرَى مَا لَا يَرَاهُ غَيْرُهُ يَقَظَةً وَمَنَامًا. وَتَارَةً بِأَنْ يَعْلَمَ مَا لَا يَعْلَمُ غَيْرُهُ وَحْيًا وَإِلْهَامًا أَوْ إنْزَالُ عِلْمٍ ضَرُورِيٍّ أَوْ فِرَاسَةٍ صَادِقَةٍ وَيُسَمَّى كَشْفًا وَمُشَاهَدَاتٍ وَمُكَاشَفَاتٍ وَمُخَاطَبَاتٍ: فَالسَّمَاعُ مُخَاطَبَاتٌ وَالرُّؤْيَةُ مُشَاهَدَاتٌ وَالْعِلْمُ مُكَاشَفَةٌ وَيُسَمَّى ذَلِكَ كُلُّهُ " كَشْفًا " وَ " مُكَاشَفَةً " أَيْ كَشَفَ لَهُ عَنْهُ.

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