Section

The first point:

These cosmic realities—which you said were nonexistent in themselves, their individual realities being witnessed in His knowledge during His absolute self-manifestation, in which He was united with Himself in the oneness of His essence—did He create and bring them into existence after their nonexistence, or have they remained nonexistent?

If they have remained nonexistent, then nothing in the universe can exist. This obstinately contradicts sensory perception, reason, and revelation. No rational person would say this, nor has any rational person ever said it.

If they came into existence after their nonexistence, they cannot be identical with Him, for Allah was not nonexistent and then brought into existence. This disproves the identity of Creator and creation. It must then follow that there are existent beings that are not Allah, but are His creation, His possessions, and His servants. This disproves your statement: “He is now as He was, with nothing alongside Him.”

The second point:

As for your statement, “The divine constitution was composed”—from “He was” to “the secret of His affair”—or your statement, “The Real appeared in it,” or similar expressions used in this connection by these proponents of the identity of Creator and creation, such as:

“The Real appeared and manifested Himself”; “These are the loci of the Real’s appearance and manifestation”; “This is a divine locus of appearance and manifestation”—

do you mean by this that His very essence came to be there?