But if he harbours disbelief or hypocrisy while lucid, or was a disbeliever or hypocrite before becoming insane, then he bears disbelief or hypocrisy for which he is liable to punishment. His insanity does not absolve him of the disbelief or hypocrisy he displays while lucid.

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Allah’s friends have no distinctive outward features in matters that are permissible. They are not distinguished by wearing one kind of clothing rather than another when both are permissible, nor by shaving, trimming, or braiding their hair when that is permissible. As the saying goes:

“How many a truthful believer wears a coat,
And how many a heretic wears a cloak!”

Rather, they are found among all groups within the community of Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, provided they are not among those given to manifest religious innovations or wickedness. They are found among people devoted to the Quran and people of knowledge, among those who wage jihad and wield the sword, and among merchants, craftsmen, and farmers. Allah mentions the various groups within the community of Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, in His words, Most High:

“Your Lord knows that you stand in prayer for nearly two-thirds of the night, or half of it, or a third of it, as do some of those with you. Allah determines the night and the day. He knows that you cannot keep precise account of it, so He has turned to you in mercy. Recite, then, whatever you can of the Quran. He knows that some of you will be ill, others travelling through the land seeking Allah’s bounty, and others fighting in Allah’s cause. So recite whatever you can of it.”