He were to ask you for it and press you, you would withhold it, and He would bring out your resentment.”

And He says:

“When the contents of the graves are brought out and what is within the hearts is laid bare.”

And He says:

“In their hearts is a disease, so Allah has increased their disease.”

And He says:

“Lest someone with disease in his heart should be moved to desire.”

And He says:

“And when the hypocrites and those with disease in their hearts say”

And He says:

“Those are the ones whose hearts Allah did not will to purify.”

And He says:

“There has come to you an admonition from your Lord, a healing for what is in the hearts, and guidance and mercy for the believers.”

There are many such examples in Allah’s Book and the Sunnah of His Messenger, and the believers are agreed that praise and blame attach to such strivings and deeds of the heart as Allah wills. For example, he says in the authentic hadith recorded by both al-Bukhārī and Muslim:

“Do not hate one another or envy one another.”

And he says:

“None of you truly believes until he loves for his brother the good that he loves for himself.”

And he says:

“The believers, in their mutual love, mercy, and compassion, are like a single body: when one part suffers, the rest of the body responds with fever and sleeplessness.”

And he says:

“No one with an atom’s weight of arrogance in his heart will enter Paradise.”

And:

“No one with an atom’s weight of faith in his heart will enter the Fire.”

And he says:

“Do not call grapes ‘the noble vine’; rather, it is the believer’s heart that is noble.”

There are many similar examples.

Indeed, the heart’s speech and action are the foundation, such as its affirmation and denial, its love and hatred. Some of these entail praise or blame, reward or punishment, without any action by the outward limbs; others entail these only when accompanied by action of the outward limbs