from Mujāhid:
“They are the bonds of affection that were not for Allah’s sake, and the ties that existed between them in this world.”
“Those who followed will say, ‘If only we could return, we would disown them as they have disowned us.’ Thus will Allah show them their deeds as a source of bitter regret, and they will never emerge from the Fire.”
The deeds that Allah shows them as a source of regret are those they performed for one another in this world that were not for Allah’s sake. These include allegiance, companionship and love for other than Allah’s sake. All goodness lies in worshipping Allah alone, associating nothing with Him. There is neither power nor strength except through Allah.
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What further establishes these matters is that the lover draws, while the beloved is drawn. Whoever loves something draws it towards himself according to his strength. Whoever loves a form is drawn by that form towards the beloved existing in the external world, according to his strength. For the lover functions as an efficient cause, and the beloved as a final cause; each contributes to bringing about the effect.
The lover draws the beloved only through the image of the beloved that he holds in his heart. That image draws him in the sense that he is drawn towards it, not that the image itself has intention or acts. For the beloved possesses a quality suited to the lover that draws him towards it, just as a person is drawn to food to eat it, to a woman to be intimate with her, and to