And Shaykh al-Islām Ahmad ibn Taymiyya—may Allah sanctify his soul—said:

In the name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

“All praise is for Allah, Lord of all worlds.”

“The Most Merciful, the Especially Merciful.”

“Master of the Day of Judgment.”

I bear witness that none is worthy of worship except Allah, the One, the True, the Manifest. And I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger, the Seal of the Prophets. May Allah grant him blessings and abundant peace, and likewise all his fellow messengers.

To proceed:

Your letter has reached me, requesting an explanation of the doctrine of these proponents of the unity of existence and a demonstration of its falsity. You mentioned that you had already heard from me part of an explanation of the unsoundness of their views, but that you had insufficient time to hear the remainder, as your journey required you to depart in haste. Subsequently, you encountered among your people some who defend their views and profess adherence to the spiritual path and spiritual reality. Your letter struck a chord with me, and you found a receptive audience. I have therefore written what I hope Allah will make beneficial to the believers and use to ward off the harm of these