16
rather, He is characterized by His act of creating and His action, just as He is characterized by all else that subsists in His Essence. The servant performs these actions and is the one characterized by them. He has the power to perform them and does so by his own choice and will. All of this is created by Allah. Thus, they are the servant’s actions and what the Lord brings about.
These attributes, however, were not created by Allah through the servant’s power and will, unlike his voluntary actions, which He created through His creation of the servant’s will and power, just as He created other effects through other causes. This is discussed at length elsewhere, but this is as much as this sheet allows. And Allah knows best.
وَإِنَّمَا يَتَّصِفُ بِخَلْقِهِ وَفِعْلِهِ كَمَا يَتَّصِفُ بِسَائِرِ مَا يَقُومُ بِذَاتِهِ وَالْعَبْدُ فَاعِلٌ لِهَذِهِ الْأَفْعَالِ وَهُوَ الْمُتَّصِفُ بِهَا وَلَهُ عَلَيْهَا قُدْرَةٌ وَهُوَ فَاعِلُهَا بِاخْتِيَارِهِ وَمَشِيئَتِهِ وَذَلِكَ كُلُّهُ مَخْلُوقٌ لِلَّهِ فَهِيَ فِعْلُ الْعَبْدِ وَمَفْعُولَةٌ لِلرَّبِّ.
لَكِنَّ هَذِهِ الصِّفَاتِ:
لَمْ يَخْلُقْهَا اللَّهُ بِتَوَسُّطِ قُدْرَةِ الْعَبْدِ وَمَشِيئَتِهِ؛ بِخِلَافِ أَفْعَالِهِ الِاخْتِيَارِيَّةِ؛ فَإِنَّهُ خَلَقَهَا بِتَوَسُّطِ خَلْقِهِ لِمَشِيئَةِ الْعَبْدِ وَقُدْرَتِهِ كَمَا خَلَقَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ؛ مِنْ الْمُسَبَّبَاتِ بِوَاسِطَةِ أَسْبَابٍ أُخَرَ وَهَذَا مَبْسُوطٌ فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ؛ وَلَكِنَّ هَذَا قَدْرُ مَا وَسِعَتْهُ هَذِهِ الْوَرَقَةُ وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.