Majmu' al-Fatawa - Ibn Taimiya - (2/109)

Likewise, anyone who suffers a calamity on account of his father or anyone else is commanded to submit to Allah’s decree, as Allah Most High says:

“And whoever believes in Allah, He will guide his heart.”

ʿAlqama said: “This is the man who is struck by a calamity and knows that it is from Allah, so he accepts it and submits.”

As for sins, the servant must refrain from committing them; if he does commit them, he must repent of them. Whoever repents and feels remorse resembles his father Adam, while whoever persists and invokes divine decree as an excuse resembles his enemy Iblīs.

Allah Most High says:

“So be patient. Indeed, Allah’s promise is true. And seek forgiveness for your sin.”

Thus, the believer is commanded to bear calamities patiently and seek forgiveness for sins and faults.

وَكَذَا يُؤْمَرُ كُلُّ مَنْ أَصَابَهُ مُصِيبَةٌ مِنْ جِهَةِ أَبِيهِ وَغَيْرِهِ أَنْ يُسَلِّمَ لِقَدَرِ اللَّهِ كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: {وَمَنْ يُؤْمِنْ بِاللَّهِ يَهْدِ قَلْبَهُ} . قَالَ عَلْقَمَةُ: هُوَ الرَّجُلُ تُصِيبُهُ الْمُصِيبَةُ؛ فَيَعْلَمُ أَنَّهَا مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ فَيَرْضَى وَيُسَلِّمُ. وَأَمَّا الذُّنُوبُ: فَعَلَى الْعَبْدِ أَنْ لَا يَفْعَلَهَا؛ فَإِنْ فَعَلَهَا فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَتُوبَ مِنْهَا فَمَنْ تَابَ وَنَدِمَ أَشْبَهَ أَبَاهُ آدَمَ وَمَنْ أَصَرَّ وَاحْتَجَّ أَشْبَهَ عَدُوَّهُ إبْلِيسَ. قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: {فَاصْبِرْ إنَّ وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لِذَنْبِكَ} فَالْمُؤْمِنُ مَأْمُورٌ أَنْ يَصْبِرَ عَلَى الْمَصَائِبِ وَيَسْتَغْفِرَ مِنْ الذُّنُوبِ وَالْمَعَائِبِ.