Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

“I bear witness that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah. I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.”

Likewise, the tashahhud (testimony recited in prayer):

“All greetings of reverence belong to Allah.”

Likewise, the expressions of glorification, praise, affirmation of Allah’s oneness, and proclamation of His greatness:

“Glory be to Allah; all praise is for Allah; there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah; Allah is the Greatest.”

As for supplication, it frequently employs the name Lord, as in the words of Adam and Eve:

“Our Lord, we have wronged ourselves, and if You do not forgive us and have mercy upon us, we will surely be among the losers.”

And the words of Noah:

“My Lord, I seek refuge in You from asking You for that of which I have no knowledge.”

And the words of Moses:

“My Lord, I have wronged myself, so forgive me.”

And the words of Abraham, Allah’s intimate friend:

“Our Lord, I have settled some of my descendants in an uncultivated valley near Your Sacred House, our Lord, so that they may establish prayer,”

and the rest of the verse. And his words together with Ishmael:

“Our Lord, accept this from us. Indeed, You are the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing.”

Likewise, the words of those who say:

“Our Lord, grant us good in this world and good in the Hereafter, and protect us from the punishment of the Fire.”

There are many such examples.

It has been reported that Mālik said:

“I dislike a man saying in his supplication, ‘O my Master, O my Master! O Compassionate One, O Compassionate One!’ Rather, he should supplicate as the prophets did: ‘Our Lord, our Lord.’”

Al-Utbī transmitted this from him in al-Utbiyyah.

Allah Most High says concerning people of understanding:

“Those who remember Allah standing, sitting, and lying on their sides, and reflect on the creation of the heavens and the earth: ‘Our Lord, You have not created this in vain. Glory be to You! Protect us, then, from the punishment of the Fire,’”

and the verses that follow.

أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَمِثْلُ التَّشَهُّدِ: التَّحِيَّاتُ لِلَّهِ وَمِثْلُ التَّسْبِيحِ وَالتَّحْمِيدِ وَالتَّهْلِيلِ وَالتَّكْبِيرِ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ وَلَا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ وَاَللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ. وَأَمَّا السُّؤَالُ فَكَثِيرًا مَا يَجِيءُ بِاسْمِ الرَّبِّ كَقَوْلِ آدَمَ وَحَوَّاءَ: {رَبَّنَا ظَلَمْنَا أَنْفُسَنَا وَإِنْ لَمْ تَغْفِرْ لَنَا وَتَرْحَمْنَا لَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ} وَقَوْلِ نُوحٍ: {رَبِّ إنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ أَنْ أَسْأَلَكَ مَا لَيْسَ لِي بِهِ عِلْمٌ} وَقَوْلِ مُوسَى: {رَبِّ إنِّي ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي فَاغْفِرْ لِي} وَقَوْلِ الْخَلِيلِ: {رَبَّنَا إنِّي أَسْكَنْتُ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِي بِوَادٍ غَيْرِ ذِي زَرْعٍ عِنْدَ بَيْتِكَ الْمُحَرَّمِ رَبَّنَا لِيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ} الْآيَةُ وَقَوْلِهِ مَعَ إسْمَاعِيلَ: {رَبَّنَا تَقَبَّلْ مِنَّا إنَّكَ أَنْتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ} وَكَذَلِكَ قَوْلُ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا: {رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ} وَمِثْلُ هَذَا كَثِيرٌ. وَقَدْ نُقِلَ عَنْ مَالِك أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَكْرَهُ لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَقُولَ فِي دُعَائِهِ: يَا سَيِّدِي يَا سَيِّدِي يَا حَنَّانُ يَا حَنَّانُ وَلَكِنْ يَدْعُو بِمَا دَعَتْ بِهِ الْأَنْبِيَاءُ؛ رَبَّنَا رَبَّنَا نَقَلَهُ عَنْهُ العتبي فِي العتبية. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: عَنْ أُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ: {الَّذِينَ يَذْكُرُونَ اللَّهَ قِيَامًا وَقُعُودًا وَعَلَى جُنُوبِهِمْ وَيَتَفَكَّرُونَ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ رَبَّنَا مَا خَلَقْتَ هَذَا بَاطِلًا سُبْحَانَكَ فَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ} الْآيَاتِ.

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