Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

and they may also be attained through the use of single terms, just as through definition. Indeed, a term may sometimes be more useful in this respect than a definition. This too has been established.

As for syllogism, there is no doubt that it yields assent when its premises and their arrangement are sound. Here, however, the error lies in the negative claims, again in two respects.

(First)
The acquisition of knowledge involving assent in the mind does not depend on syllogism; rather, it can be attained by other means.

(Second)
The premises of demonstrative syllogism are not confined to the categories they have listed: propositions based on sensory perception, inward experience, self-evidence, reasoning, mass transmission, experimentation, and intuition. I have explained this elsewhere. And Allah knows best.

وَقَدْ تَحْصُلُ مِنْ الْكَلَامِ بِالْأَسْمَاءِ الْمُفْرَدَةِ كَمَا تَحْصُلُ بِالْحَدِّ وَرُبَّمَا كَانَ الِاسْمُ فِيهَا أَنْفَعَ مِنْ الْحَدِّ وَهَذَا أَيْضًا مُقَرَّرٌ. وَأَمَّا الْقِيَاسُ فَلَا رَيْبَ أَنَّهُ يُفِيدُ التَّصْدِيقَ إذَا صَحَّتْ مُقَدِّمَاتُهُ وَتَأْلِيفُهَا؛ لَكِنَّ الْخَطَأَ فِيهِ مِنْ النَّفْيِ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ أَيْضًا. (أَحَدُهُمَا) أَنَّ حُصُولَ الْعِلْمِ التصديقي فِي النَّفْسِ لَيْسَ مَوْقُوفًا عَلَى الْقِيَاسِ بَلْ يَحْصُلُ بِغَيْرِ الْقِيَاسِ. (الثَّانِي) أَنَّ الْقِيَاسَ الْبُرْهَانِيَّ لَيْسَتْ مَوَادُّهُ مُنْحَصِرَةً فِيمَا ذَكَرُوهُ فِي الْحِسِّيَّاتِ والوجديات وَالْبَدِيهِيَّاتِ وَالنَّظَرِيَّاتِ والمتواترات والتجريبيات وَالْحَدْسِيَّاتِ كَمَا بَيَّنْت هَذَا فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ؛ وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.

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