Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

that the essence cannot be understood without the former, unlike the latter. Yet when a rational person examines his own mind, he does not find one preceding the other. Moreover, if identifying an essential attribute depends on conceiving the essence, while conceiving the essence depends on identifying its essential attributes, the reasoning is circular. For we know the essence only through its essential attributes, yet we cannot identify those attributes until we conceive the essence. Essential attributes are those upon which knowledge of the essence depends. An attribute can therefore be recognized as essential only when we know that understanding the essence depends on it. Thus, you do not seek to understand the essence until you know which attributes are essential. Much more could be said in elaboration of this.

(Fourth point):

Their claim that essences are composite—yet there is no composition in the mind.

أَنَّ هَذَا لَا تُفْهَمُ الْمَاهِيَّةُ بِدُونِهِ بِخِلَافِ الْآخَرِ فَإِنَّ الْعَاقِلَ إذَا رَجَعَ إلَى ذِهْنِهِ لَمْ يَجِدْ أَحَدَهُمَا سَابِقًا وَالْآخَرَ لَاحِقًا ثُمَّ إذَا كَانَ الْمَرْجِعُ فِي مَعْرِفَةِ الذَّاتِيِّ إلَى تَصَوُّرِ الذَّاتِ وَالْمَرْجِعُ فِي تَصَوُّرِهَا إلَى مَعْرِفَةِ الذَّاتِيِّ كَانَ دَوْرًا؛ لِأَنَّا لَا نَعْرِفُ الْمَاهِيَّةَ إلَّا بِالصِّفَاتِ الذَّاتِيَّةِ وَلَا نَعْرِفُ الصِّفَاتِ الذَّاتِيَّةَ حَتَّى نَتَصَوَّرَ الذَّاتَ؛ فَإِنَّ الصِّفَاتِ الذَّاتِيَّةَ مَا تَقِفُ مَعْرِفَةُ الذَّاتِ عَلَيْهَا فَلَا تُعْرَفُ الذَّاتِيَّةُ. إلَّا بِأَنْ نَعْرِفَ أَنَّ فَهْمَ الذَّاتِ مَوْقُوفٌ عَلَيْهَا فَلَا تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَفْهَمَ الذَّاتَ حَتَّى تَعْرِفَ الذَّاتِيَّةَ وَبَسْطُ هَذَا كَثِيرٌ. (الْمَوْضِعُ الرَّابِعُ) : دَعْوَاهُمْ أَنَّ الْمَاهِيَّاتِ مُرَكَّبَةٌ وَلَا تَرْكِيبَ فِي الذِّهْنِ.

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