Another of their grievous errors and statements of unbelief is their claim that the Creator—exalted is He—does not know particulars, does not know Moses, Jesus, or anyone else as individuals, and knows nothing of the details of events. This claim and its refutation are discussed at length elsewhere. The point here is to recognize that they make statements of ignorance and unbelief that represent the utmost misguidance, seeking to evade an implication for whose denial they have never had any evidence.

The eleventh point:

They acknowledge things perceived through the external and internal senses, such as hunger, pain, and pleasure. Yet they deny the existence of things that some people alone may see, such as angels, jinn, and what the soul sees at death. The Quran and Sunnah explicitly affirm these things. A detailed discussion of these matters belongs elsewhere. The point here is that the unsound logical principles they have adopted—denying what has not been established to be nonexistent—have led them into ignorance and unbelief that have become a barrier to them, leaving them worse off than the disbelievers among the Jews and Christians.

The twelfth point:

It may be said that, according to them, a proposition’s being “demonstrative” means that it is known to the person reasoning from it; its being “dialectical” means that it is conceded; and its being “rhetorical” means that it is widely held, accepted, or considered probable. All these distinctions are relations and attributions incidental to the proposition. None is an inseparable attribute of it, let alone