and the speculative theologians, jurists, and hadith scholars—that injustice on His part is intrinsically impossible. Thus, no possible act within His power would constitute injustice on His part.

They said:

“Injustice means disposing of another’s property or disobeying someone whom one is obliged to obey. Both are impossible with respect to Allah.”

Many scholars of the Sunnah and hadith, as well as scholars of rational inquiry, said:

“Rather, injustice means putting something in its improper place. This includes depriving a person who does good of any of his good deeds, or burdening him with another’s evil deeds. This is among the forms of injustice from which Allah has declared Himself free.”

As He, Most High, says:

“But whoever does righteous deeds, being a believer, need fear neither injustice nor deprivation.”

More than one of the early generations explained that “deprivation” means having one’s good deeds diminished, while injustice means having one’s evil deeds increased. Allah, Most High, also says:

“Or has he not been informed of what is in the scriptures of Moses, and of Abraham, who fulfilled his duty: that no bearer of burdens shall bear another’s burden, and that a person shall have only what he has striven for?”

And He says:

“He will say, ‘Do not dispute before Me, for I had already given you warning. My word cannot be changed, and I am never unjust to My servants.’”

In the hadith of the card, reported by al-Tirmidhī and others and graded as good by al-Tirmidhī, and also reported by al-Hākim in his Sahīh, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said:

“On the Day of Resurrection, a man from my community will be brought before all creation. Ninety-nine records will be spread out before him, each extending as far as the eye can see. Then Allah, Most High, will say to him, ‘Do you deny any of this?’

“He will reply, ‘No, my Lord.’

“Then Allah, Mighty and Majestic, will say, ‘Do you have any excuse or any good deed?’

“The man will be afraid and say, ‘No, my Lord.’

“Then Allah, Most High, will say, ‘On the contrary, you do have good deeds with Us, and you will suffer no injustice.’ Then there is brought forth