one who chooses, without any prior act of will on his part to become one who chooses, just as He made him capable, knowledgeable, alive, black or white, tall or short. It is well known that when Allah endows someone with a quality, this does not contradict his possessing that quality. When Allah gives him a quality, he possesses it because Allah has bestowed it upon him: whatever He wills comes to be, and whatever He does not will does not come to be. His being one who chooses, knows, and is capable is inseparably connected with Allah’s will and His making him so. Two inseparably connected things do not contradict one another; rather, they coexist and cannot be separated. Thus, the servant’s choice and what is termed ‘compulsion’—meaning that Allah made him one who chooses—are inseparably connected, not contradictory. There is nothing surprising about two inseparably connected things coexisting; what would be surprising is their contradicting one another.”
Section
As for the questioner’s words:
“For they have explicitly stated that he … is indeed compelled in his acts of will.
And that he is not truly the doer of his deeds … and this judgment is well known.”
He is answered as follows:
Those who explicitly state that he is not truly an agent are the Jahmiyyah—the followers of al-Jahm ibn Safwān—and those among later generations who agreed with them. This was never explicitly stated by any of the Companions or those who followed them