Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

and detailing how these evils occur within divine decree, and how, despite this, evil is attributed to Allah in His Book only in one of three ways:

Either (in general terms), as in His words:
“Creator of all things.”

Or it is attributed to its cause, as in His words:
“From the evil of what He has created.”

Or the agent is left unstated, as in the words of the jinn:
“We do not know whether evil is intended for those on earth or whether their Lord intends guidance for them.”

And as for discussing how Allah’s most beautiful names necessarily entail attributing good to Him, while evil is included among the things He brings about—as in His words:
“Inform My servants that I am indeed the All-Forgiving, the Most Merciful, and that My punishment is indeed the painful punishment.”

And His words:
“Know that Allah is severe in punishment, and that Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.”

A precise exposition of these noble truths, which confer honor upon the earliest and latest generations, requires extensive discussion beyond the scope of this answer. Allah alone grants success in reaching the truth. There is no power or strength except through Allah, and no refuge from Him except in Him. He is sufficient for us, and He is the best Disposer of affairs.

وَفِي سَرْدِ وُقُوعِ هَذِهِ الشُّرُورِ - فِي الْقَدَرِ وَأَنَّهُ مَعَ ذَلِكَ لَمْ يُضَفْ إلَى اللَّهِ فِي كِتَابِهِ إلَّا عَلَى أَحَدِ وُجُوهٍ ثَلَاثَةٍ: إمَّا عَلَى (طَرِيقِ الْعُمُومِ كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: {خَالِقُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ} . وَإِمَّا أَنْ يُضَافَ إلَى السَّبَبِ كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: {مِنْ شَرِّ مَا خَلَقَ} . وَإِمَّا أَنْ يُحْذَفَ الْفَاعِلُ كَقَوْلِ الْجِنِّ: {وَأَنَّا لَا نَدْرِي أَشَرٌّ أُرِيدَ بِمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَمْ أَرَادَ بِهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ رَشَدًا} . وَالْكَلَامُ عَلَى أَنَّ أَسْمَاءَ اللَّهِ الْحُسْنَى لَا بُدَّ أَنْ تَتَضَمَّنَ إضَافَةَ الْخَيْرِ وَالشَّرِّ دَاخِلٌ فِي مَفْعُولَاتِهِ كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: {نَبِّئْ عِبَادِي أَنِّي أَنَا الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ} {وَأَنَّ عَذَابِي هُوَ الْعَذَابُ الْأَلِيمُ} وَقَوْلِهِ: {اعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ} فَتَحْرِيرُ هَذِهِ الْحَقَائِقِ الشَّرِيفَةِ الَّتِي هِيَ شَرَفُ الْأَوَّلِينَ والآخرين يَحْتَاجُ إلَى بَسْطٍ وَإِطْنَابٍ فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا الْجَوَابِ وَاَللَّهُ الْمُوَفِّقُ لِلصَّوَابِ وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إلَّا بِاَللَّهِ وَلَا مَلْجَأَ مِنْهُ إلَّا إلَيْهِ وَهُوَ حَسْبُنَا وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ.

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