Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

that faith is created or that utterance of the Quran is created, because this encompasses attributes of Allah Most High, and because such wording suggests that the Creator’s very speech is created and that this very word is created. They also prohibited saying, “The letters of the alphabet are created,” because these assertions entail that the Quran is not Allah’s speech and that He did not speak to Moses.

Then some people came and asserted the opposite without qualification. Some said, “My utterance of the Quran is uncreated.” Imam Ahmad and other imams declared those who said this to be innovators. Likewise, some asserted without qualification that faith is uncreated, until this came to be understood as meaning that the “human actions” constituting faith are uncreated. Others then went further, saying, “Human speech consists of letters that are uncreated; therefore, it is uncreated.” Still others said, “All human actions, then, are uncreated.”

The more an innovation is developed and its implications are drawn out, the uglier and more abhorrent it becomes, ultimately leading its proponent to contradict what is necessarily known through reason and religion. We have discussed this at length and explained people’s inconsistencies concerning it in the question of the Quran and other matters.

This is similar to the innovation introduced by some people who claimed that the letters of the Quran are not part of Allah’s speech

الْقَوْلِ بِأَنَّ الْإِيمَانَ مَخْلُوقٌ. وَأَنَّ اللَّفْظَ بِالْقُرْآنِ مَخْلُوقٌ؛ لِمَا يَدْخُلُ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ صِفَاتِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَلِمَا يُفْهِمُهُ هَذَا اللَّفْظُ مِنْ أَنَّ نَفْسَ كَلَامِ الْخَالِقِ مَخْلُوقٌ وَأَنَّ نَفْسَ هَذِهِ الْكَلِمَةِ مَخْلُوقٌ وَمَنَعُوا أَنْ يُقَالَ: حُرُوفُ الْهِجَاءِ مَخْلُوقَةٌ؛ لِأَنَّ الْقَائِلَ هَذِهِ الْمَقَالَاتِ يَلْزَمُهُ أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ الْقُرْآنُ كَلَامَ اللَّهِ وَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُكَلِّمْ مُوسَى. فَجَاءَ أَقْوَامٌ أَطْلَقُوا نَقِيضَ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: لَفْظِي بِالْقُرْآنِ غَيْرُ مَخْلُوقٍ فَبَدَّعَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَد وَغَيْرُهُ مِنْ الْأَئِمَّةِ مَنْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ. وَكَذَلِكَ أَطْلَقَ بَعْضُهُمْ الْقَوْلَ بِأَنَّ الْإِيمَانَ غَيْرُ مَخْلُوقٍ. حَتَّى صَارَ يُفْهَمُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ " أَفْعَالَ الْعِبَادِ " الَّتِي هِيَ إيمَانٌ غَيْرُ مَخْلُوقَةٍ فَجَاءَ آخَرُونَ فَزَادُوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَقَالُوا كَلَامُ الْآدَمِيِّينَ مُؤَلَّفٌ مِنْ الْحُرُوفِ الَّتِي هِيَ غَيْرُ مَخْلُوقَةٍ. فَيَكُونُ غَيْرَ مَخْلُوقٍ. وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ: فَأَفْعَالُ الْعِبَادِ كُلُّهَا غَيْرُ مَخْلُوقَةٍ وَالْبِدْعَةُ كُلَّمَا فُرِّعَ عَلَيْهَا وَذُكِرَ لَوَازِمُهَا زَادَتْ قُبْحًا وَشَنَاعَةً وَأَفْضَتْ بِصَاحِبِهَا إلَى أَنْ يُخَالِفَ مَا يُعْلَمُ بِالِاضْطِرَارِ مِنْ الْعَقْلِ وَالدِّينِ. وَقَدْ بَسَطْنَا الْكَلَامَ فِي هَذَا وَبَيَّنَّا اضْطِرَابَ النَّاسِ فِي هَذَا فِي مَسْأَلَةِ الْقُرْآنِ وَغَيْرِهَا. وَهَذَا كَمَا أَنَّ أَقْوَامًا ابْتَدَعُوا: أَنَّ حُرُوفَ الْقُرْآنِ لَيْسَتْ مِنْ كَلَامِ اللَّهِ

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