Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

Shaykh al-Islām—may Allah Most High have mercy on him—was asked about the goodness of Allah Most High’s will to create His creatures and bring beings into existence, and whether He creates for a reason or without one:

If it is said that He creates without a reason, this would be purposeless—exalted is Allah above that. If it is said that He creates for a reason, then if you say that this reason has always existed, it follows that its effect must also have always existed. If you say that it came into existence, it follows that it must itself have a cause, yet an infinite regress is impossible.

He replied:

All praise is due to Allah, Lord of all worlds. This is a weighty question, among the greatest questions people have discussed, among the most extensive in its ramifications and subsidiary issues, and among those occasioning the most doubts and perplexities.

It concerns Allah Most High’s attributes, names, actions, and rulings, including His commands, prohibitions, promises, and threats. It pertains to both His creation and His command, so everything in existence is connected to this question: all created things are connected to it, and it concerns the Creator, glorified is He. Likewise, all revealed laws—their commands, prohibitions, promises, and threats—are connected to it. It also concerns questions of divine decree and command, and questions of divine attributes and actions. These encompass the principal fields of human knowledge. Thus, jurisprudence, which concerns commands and prohibitions, is connected to this question.

سُئِلَ شَيْخُ الْإِسْلَامِ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى -: عَنْ حُسْنِ إرَادَةِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى لِخَلْقِ الْخَلْقِ وَإِنْشَاءِ الْأَنَامِ وَهَلْ يَخْلُقُ لِعِلَّةِ أَوْ لِغَيْرِ عِلَّةٍ؟ فَإِنْ قِيلَ لَا لِعِلَّةِ فَهُوَ عَبَثٌ - تَعَالَى اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - وَإِنْ قِيلَ لِعِلَّةِ فَإِنْ قُلْتُمْ إنَّهَا لَمْ تَزَلْ لَزِمَ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمَعْلُولُ لَمْ يَزَلْ وَإِنْ قُلْتُمْ إنَّهَا مُحْدَثَةٌ لَزِمَ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهَا عِلَّةٌ وَالتَّسَلْسُلُ مُحَالٌ. فَأَجَابَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةُ كَبِيرَةٌ مِنْ أَجَلِّ الْمَسَائِلِ الْكِبَارِ الَّتِي تَكَلَّمَ فِيهَا النَّاسُ وَأَعْظَمِهَا شُعُوبًا وَفُرُوعًا وَأَكْثَرِهَا شَبَهًا وَمَحَارَاتٍ؛ فَإِنَّ لَهَا تَعَلُّقًا بِصِفَاتِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَبِأَسْمَائِهِ وَأَفْعَالِهِ وَأَحْكَامِهِ مِنْ الْأَمْرِ وَالنَّهْيِ وَالْوَعْدِ وَالْوَعِيدِ وَهِيَ دَاخِلَةٌ فِي خَلْقِهِ وَأَمْرِهِ فَكُلُّ مَا فِي الْوُجُودِ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِهَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ فَإِنَّ الْمَخْلُوقَاتِ جَمِيعَهَا مُتَعَلِّقَةٌ بِهَا وَهِيَ مُتَعَلِّقَةٌ بِالْخَالِقِ سُبْحَانَهُ وَكَذَلِكَ الشَّرَائِعُ كُلُّهَا: الْأَمْرُ وَالنَّهْيُ وَالْوَعْدُ وَالْوَعِيدُ مُتَعَلِّقَةٌ بِهَا وَهِيَ مُتَعَلِّقَةٌ بِمَسَائِلِ الْقَدَرِ وَالْأَمْرِ وَبِمَسَائِلِ الصِّفَاتِ وَالْأَفْعَالِ وَهَذِهِ جَوَامِعُ عُلُومِ النَّاسِ فَعِلْمُ الْفِقْهِ الَّذِي هُوَ الْأَمْرُ وَالنَّهْيُ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِهَا.

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