the jizyah with their own hands while humbled.” For this reason, he did not mention the obligation of Hajj in most hadiths; it appears only in the later hadiths.

The delegation of ‘Abd al-Qays came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. According to the correct view, their arrival preceded the conquest of Mecca, as we have explained. They said: “O Messenger of Allah, between us and you lies this tribe of unbelievers from Mudar.” They meant the people of Najd—Tamīm, Asad, and Ghatafān—because they lay between al-Bahrayn and Medina. ‘Abd al-Qays belong to Rabī‘ah, not Mudar. Once Mecca was conquered, this fear disappeared. When the delegation of ‘Abd al-Qays came to him, he commanded them to observe prayer, pay zakat, fast Ramadan, and pay one-fifth of the spoils of war; he did not command them to perform Hajj.

As for the hadith of Dimām, we have already noted that al-Bukhārī did not mention Hajj in it, just as he did not mention it in the hadiths of Talhah, Abū Hurayrah, and others, despite their assertion: “These hadiths relate to the account of Dimām.” This is possible, although the date of this Dimām’s arrival is not certain.

As for His saying:

“And complete Hajj and umrah for Allah.”

This verse contains only the command to complete them, which makes their completion obligatory upon anyone who has begun them. This command was revealed when they entered the state of consecration for umrah in the year of al-Hudaybiyah and were then prevented from proceeding. They were commanded to complete it, and He explained to them the ruling concerning being prevented from completing the rites. At that time, neither umrah nor Hajj had yet become obligatory upon them.

(The second answer: In each situation, he would mention what was appropriate to it. Sometimes he would mention the outward obligations for whose abandonment a group that refuses to comply is fought, such as prayer and zakat