his father, from Ibn Abbās, who said:

“This constitutes disbelief on his part, but he is not like someone who disbelieves in Allah, His angels, His Books, and His messengers.”

Through the same chain, Wakī informed us, from Sufyān, from Maʿmar, from Ibn Tāwūs, from his father, who said: I said to Ibn Abbās:

“‘And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed’—he is a disbeliever.”

He said:

“This constitutes disbelief on his part, but he is not like someone who disbelieves in Allah, the Last Day, His angels, His Books, and His messengers.”

Muhammad ibn Yahyā narrated to us: Abd al-Razzāq narrated to us, from Sufyān, from a man, from Tāwūs, from Ibn Abbās, who said: “Disbelief that does not take a person outside the religion.”

Ishāq narrated to us: Wakī informed us, from Sufyān, from Saʿīd al-Makkī, from Tāwūs, who said: “It is not disbelief that takes a person outside the religion.”

Ishāq narrated to us: Wakī informed us, from Sufyān, from Ibn Jurayj, from Atā, who said:

“Disbelief short of disbelief, wrongdoing short of wrongdoing, and wickedness short of wickedness.”

Muhammad ibn Nasr said:

They said:

Atā spoke truly. A disbeliever may be called a wrongdoer, and a sinful Muslim may also be called a wrongdoer. Thus, there is wrongdoing that takes a person outside the religion of Islam, and wrongdoing that does not.

Allah Most High said:

“Those who believe and do not mix their faith with wrongdoing.”

And He said:

“Indeed, associating partners with Allah is a tremendous wrong.”

He then cited the hadith of Ibn Masʿūd recorded by both al-Bukhārī and Muslim, who said:

“When the verse ‘Those who believe and do not mix their faith with wrongdoing’ was revealed, the Companions of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, found this difficult and said, ‘Which of us has not wronged himself?’

“The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, ‘That is not what it means. Have you not heard the words of the righteous servant: “Indeed, associating partners with Allah is a tremendous wrong”? It refers only to associating partners with Allah.’”