whereas ignorance of Allah constitutes disbelief in all circumstances, both before and after communication from Him.

They said:

Hence we say that abandoning belief in Allah is disbelief, and that neglecting the obligations while believing that Allah has imposed them is disbelief—not disbelief in Allah, but disbelief in the sense of neglecting what is due. This is like someone saying, “You have denied me my due and been ungrateful for my favor,” meaning, “You have neglected my due and failed to give thanks for my favor.”

They said:

In this we follow the example of those Companions of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and Successors from whom such statements have been transmitted. They recognized branches of disbelief short of its fundamental form that do not take a person outside the religion of Islam, just as they affirmed branches of faith pertaining to deeds, stemming from its foundation, whose abandonment does not take a person outside the religion of Islam. An example is the statement of Ibn Abbās concerning His words:

“And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed—it is they who are the disbelievers.”

Muhammad ibn Nasr said:

Ibn Yahyā narrated to us: Sufyān ibn Uyaynah narrated to us, from Hishām—meaning Ibn Urwah—from Hujayr, from Tāwūs, from Ibn Abbās, concerning the verse:

“And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed—it is they who are the disbelievers.”

“It is not the disbelief they take it to mean.”

Muhammad ibn Yahyā and Muhammad ibn Rāfi narrated to us: Abd al-Razzāq narrated to us: Ma'mar informed us, from Ibn Tāwūs, from his father, who said:

Ibn Abbās was asked about His words:

“And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed—it is they who are the disbelievers.”

He said, “This constitutes disbelief on his part.” Ibn Tāwūs said, “But he is not like someone who disbelieves in Allah, His angels, His Books, and His messengers.”

Ishāq narrated to us: Wakī informed us, from Sufyān, from Ma'mar, from Ibn Tāwūs, from