Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

someone who supplicates to Allah at another’s request, in that person’s presence?

A hadith states:

“The supplication most likely to be answered is that made by one person for another while they are apart.”

In Sahīh Muslim, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, is reported to have said:

“Whenever a man supplicates for his brother in his absence, Allah appoints an angel over him. Each time he supplicates for his brother, the appointed angel says, ‘Amen, and may you have the same.’”

This is because a created being asks another created being for something the latter is capable of doing. A created being is capable of supplicating to Allah and asking Him. It is therefore permissible to ask someone to supplicate, just as one may ask him for assistance within his capacity or to perform actions he is capable of performing.

As for what only Allah Most High can do, it is permissible to ask only Allah, glorified be He, for it. Such things must not be sought from angels, prophets, or anyone else. It is not permissible to say to anyone other than Allah, “Forgive me,” “Send us rain,” “Grant us victory over the disbelieving people,” “Guide our hearts,” or anything similar.

For this reason, al-Tabarānī narrated in his Mu‘jam:

“During the time of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, there was a hypocrite who harmed the believers. Al-Siddīq said, ‘Come, let us seek deliverance from this hypocrite through the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.’ They came to him, and he said, ‘Deliverance is not to be sought from me; it is to be sought only from Allah.’”

The same principle applies to seeking assistance.

As for what human beings are capable of doing, it does not fall into this category. Allah, glorified be He, has said:

مَنْ يَدْعُو اللَّهَ بِسُؤَالِهِ وَهُوَ حَاضِرٌ؟ وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ: {أَعْظَمُ الدُّعَاءِ إجَابَةً دُعَاءُ غَائِبٍ لِغَائِبِ} وَفِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: {مَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ يَدْعُو لِأَخِيهِ بِظَهْرِ الْغَيْبِ بِدَعْوَةِ إلَّا وَكَّلَ اللَّهُ بِهِ مَلَكًا كُلَّمَا دَعَا لِأَخِيهِ بِدَعْوَةِ قَالَ الْمَلَكُ الْمُوَكَّلُ بِهِ: آمِينَ وَلَك بِمِثْلِهِ} . وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْمَخْلُوقَ يَطْلُبُ مِنْ الْمَخْلُوقِ مَا يَقْدِرُ الْمَخْلُوقُ عَلَيْهِ وَالْمَخْلُوقُ قَادِرٌ عَلَى دُعَاءِ اللَّهِ وَمَسْأَلَتِهِ فَلِهَذَا كَانَ طَلَبُ الدُّعَاءِ جَائِزًا كَمَا يَطْلُبُ مِنْهُ الْإِعَانَةَ بِمَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَيْهِ وَالْأَفْعَالَ الَّتِي يَقْدِرُ عَلَيْهَا. فَأَمَّا مَا لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَيْهِ إلَّا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُطْلَبَ إلَّا مِنْ اللَّهِ سُبْحَانَهُ لَا يُطْلَبُ ذَلِكَ لَا مِنْ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَلَا مِنْ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَلَا مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ وَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُقَالَ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ: اغْفِرْ لِي وَاسْقِنَا الْغَيْثَ وَانْصُرْنَا عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْكَافِرِينَ أَوْ اهْدِ قُلُوبَنَا وَنَحْوَ ذَلِكَ؛ وَلِهَذَا رَوَى الطَّبَرَانِي فِي مُعْجَمِهِ {أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِي زَمَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُنَافِقٌ يُؤْذِي الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَقَالَ الصِّدِّيقُ: قُومُوا بِنَا نَسْتَغِيثُ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ هَذَا الْمُنَافِقِ فَجَاءُوا إلَيْهِ فَقَالَ إنَّهُ لَا يُسْتَغَاثُ بِي وَإِنَّمَا يُسْتَغَاثُ بِاَللَّهِ} وَهَذَا فِي الِاسْتِعَانَةِ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ. فَأَمَّا مَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَيْهِ الْبَشَرُ فَلَيْسَ مِنْ هَذَا الْبَابِ وَقَدْ قَالَ سُبْحَانَهُ:

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