Majmu' al-Fatawa - Ibn Taimiya - (7/274)

Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

in describing the hypocrites for whom the parable in Sūrat al-Baqarah was given: they saw, then became blind; they recognized, then denied; and they believed, then disbelieved.

Qatādah and Mujāhid likewise said that the parable illustrates their turning toward the believers, their listening to what the Messenger brought, and the departure of their light. He said:

“Their likeness is that of someone who kindled a fire. When it illuminated everything around him, Allah took away their light and left them in darkness, unable to see. Deaf, dumb, and blind, they will not return”—to their former state.

As for the view that the light means the protection afforded to their lives and property in this world, and that upon death they are deprived of that light just as the person who kindled the fire was deprived of its light, the wording of the verse indicates otherwise. For He said:

“And left them in darkness, unable to see. Deaf, dumb, and blind, they will not return.”

On the Day of Resurrection, they will be suffering punishment, as Allah Most High said:

“On the Day when the hypocrites, men and women, will say to those who believe, ‘Wait for us, so that we may borrow some of your light.’ They will be told, ‘Go back and seek light.’ Then a wall with a gate will be raised between them: within it is mercy, and outside it is punishment. They will call out to the believers, ‘Were we not with you?’ They will reply, ‘Yes, but you led yourselves into temptation’”—to the end of the verse.

More than one of the early generations said that the hypocrite will be given a light on the Day of Resurrection, which will then be extinguished. This is why Allah Most High said:

“On the Day when Allah will not disgrace the Prophet or those who believe with him. Their light will shine ahead of them and on their right. They will say, ‘Our Lord, perfect our light for us and forgive us.’”

The Quran commentators said: When the believers see the hypocrites’ light being extinguished, they will ask Allah to perfect their light for them and bring them by it to Paradise.

فِي صِفَةِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ الَّذِينَ ضَرَبَ لَهُمْ الْمَثَلَ فِي سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ أَنَّهُمْ أَبْصَرُوا ثُمَّ عَمُوا وَعَرَفُوا ثُمَّ أَنْكَرُوا وَآمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا. وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَ قتادة وَمُجَاهِدٌ: ضَرَبَ الْمَثَلَ لِإِقْبَالِهِمْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؛ وَسَمَاعِهِمْ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ الرَّسُولُ وَذَهَابِ نُورِهِمْ قَالَ: {مَثَلُهُمْ كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي اسْتَوْقَدَ نَارًا فَلَمَّا أَضَاءَتْ مَا حَوْلَهُ ذَهَبَ اللَّهُ بِنُورِهِمْ وَتَرَكَهُمْ فِي ظُلُمَاتٍ لَا يُبْصِرُونَ} {صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ فَهُمْ لَا يَرْجِعُونَ} إلَى مَا كَانُوا عَلَيْهِ. وَأَمَّا قَوْلُ مَنْ قَالَ: الْمُرَادُ بِالنُّورِ مَا حَصَلَ فِي الدُّنْيَا مِنْ حَقْنِ دِمَائِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ فَإِذَا مَاتُوا سُلِبُوا ذَلِكَ الضَّوْءَ كَمَا سُلِبَ صَاحِبُ النَّارِ ضَوْءُهُ؛ فَلَفْظُ الْآيَةِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى خِلَافِ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّهُ قَالَ: {وَتَرَكَهُمْ فِي ظُلُمَاتٍ لَا يُبْصِرُونَ} {صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ فَهُمْ لَا يَرْجِعُونَ} . وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَكُونُونَ فِي الْعَذَابِ كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: {يَوْمَ يَقُولُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَالْمُنَافِقَاتُ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا انْظُرُونَا نَقْتَبِسْ مِنْ نُورِكُمْ قِيلَ ارْجِعُوا وَرَاءَكُمْ فَالْتَمِسُوا نُورًا فَضُرِبَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِسُورٍ لَهُ بَابٌ بَاطِنُهُ فِيهِ الرَّحْمَةُ وَظَاهِرُهُ مِنْ قِبَلِهِ الْعَذَابُ} {يُنَادُونَهُمْ أَلَمْ نَكُنْ مَعَكُمْ قَالُوا بَلَى وَلَكِنَّكُمْ فَتَنْتُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ} الْآيَةَ وَقَدْ قَالَ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ السَّلَفِ: إنَّ الْمُنَافِقَ يُعْطَى يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ نُورًا ثُمَّ يُطْفَأُ وَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: {يَوْمَ لَا يُخْزِي اللَّهُ النَّبِيَّ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ نُورُهُمْ يَسْعَى بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَبِأَيْمَانِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا أَتْمِمْ لَنَا نُورَنَا وَاغْفِرْ لَنَا} . قَالَ الْمُفَسِّرُونَ: إذَا رَأَى الْمُؤْمِنُونَ نُورَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ يُطْفَأُ سَأَلُوا اللَّهَ أَنْ يُتِمَّ لَهُمْ نُورَهُمْ وَيُبَلِّغَهُمْ بِهِ الْجَنَّةَ.