the Jahmiyyah. However, the Muʿtazilah and the Khawārij maintain that sinners will remain eternally in Hell, and this is further from the position of the early generations than any other position. Thus, they are closer in their terminology but further removed in their judgment.

Although the Jahmiyyah are closer to the early generations in their judgment that sinners will not remain eternally in Hell, their position on what Islam and faith denote, and on their true nature, is further from the Quran and Sunnah than any other position. It contains contradictions of reason, revealed law, and language unparalleled in the positions of other groups.