Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

He—may Allah have mercy on him—was asked:

Do the Throne and the Kursī (Seat) actually exist, or are they metaphorical? Is it the position of Ahl al-Sunnah that Allah Most High spoke to Moses directly, from Himself to him, without an intermediary? And was what Moses saw light or fire?

He—may Allah be pleased with him—replied:

Praise be to Allah. The Throne does indeed exist, as established by the Quran, the Sunnah, and the consensus of the early generations of this nation and its leading scholars. Likewise, the Kursī is established by the Quran, the Sunnah, and the consensus of the majority of the early generations.

It has been transmitted from some of them that “His Kursī” means His knowledge. This is a weak opinion, for Allah’s knowledge encompasses everything, as He says:

“Our Lord, You encompass all things in mercy and knowledge.”

Allah knows Himself, and He knows what has existed and what has not existed. Thus, interpreting the words as “His knowledge encompasses the heavens and the earth” would not be fitting here, particularly since He Most High says:

“Preserving them does not weary Him.”

That is, it neither burdens nor troubles Him. This is appropriate to power, not knowledge, and the transmitted reports bear this out. Nevertheless, the verses and hadiths concerning the Throne are more numerous still; they are explicit and transmitted through numerous independent chains.

سُئِلَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ: هَلْ الْعَرْشُ وَالْكُرْسِيُّ مَوْجُودَانِ أَمْ مَجَازٌ؟ وَهَلْ مَذْهَبُ أَهْلِ السُّنَّةِ عَلَى أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى كَلَّمَ مُوسَى شِفَاهًا مِنْهُ إلَيْهِ بِلَا وَاسِطَةٍ؟ وَهَلْ الَّذِي رَآهُ مُوسَى كَانَ نُورًا أَمْ نَارًا؟ . فَأَجَابَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ -: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، بَلْ " الْعَرْشُ " مَوْجُودٌ بِالْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ وَإِجْمَاعِ سَلَفِ الْأُمَّةِ وَأَئِمَّتِهَا وَكَذَلِكَ " الْكُرْسِيُّ " ثَابِتٌ بِالْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ وَإِجْمَاعِ جُمْهُورِ السَّلَفِ. وَقَدْ نُقِلَ عَنْ بَعْضِهِمْ: أَنَّ " كُرْسِيَّهُ " عِلْمُهُ. وَهُوَ قَوْلٌ ضَعِيفٌ؛ فَإِنَّ عِلْمَ اللَّهِ وَسِعَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ كَمَا قَالَ: {رَبَّنَا وَسِعْتَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ رَحْمَةً وَعِلْمًا} . وَاَللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ نَفْسَهُ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا كَانَ وَمَا لَمْ يَكُنْ فَلَوْ قِيلَ وَسِعَ عِلْمُهُ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ لَمْ يَكُنْ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى مُنَاسِبًا؛ لَا سِيَّمَا وَقَدْ قَالَ تَعَالَى: {وَلَا يَئُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَا} أَيْ لَا يُثْقِلُهُ وَلَا يَكْرُثُهُ وَهَذَا يُنَاسِبُ الْقُدْرَةَ لَا الْعِلْمُ وَالْآثَارُ الْمَأْثُورَةُ تَقْتَضِي ذَلِكَ؛ لَكِنَّ الْآيَاتِ وَالْأَحَادِيثَ فِي " الْعَرْشِ " أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ؛ صَرِيحَةٌ مُتَوَاتِرَةٌ.

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