anything other than the equivalent of the thing itself, whose essence cannot subsist without that attribute or part. There is nothing in our statement, “It depends upon itself,” that negates its being necessarily existent in itself; the same applies here.

Thus, the flaw in each of the two premises has become clear: that attributes entail composition, and that composition entails dependence upon another. Since each premise is false, this argument is invalid in its entirety. Allah knows best. May Allah send blessings upon Muhammad, his family, and all his Companions.