Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

Shaykh al-Islām Abū al-‘Abbās Taqī al-Dīn ibn Taymiyyah—may Allah sanctify his soul and illuminate his grave—said:

Section: On Attributes Dependent on the Divine Will

These are the attributes of the Lord, Almighty and Majestic, which subsist in His Essence by His will and power: His speech, hearing, sight, will, love, pleasure, mercy, anger, and displeasure; His creating, beneficence, and justice; His rising above, coming, arrival, and descent; and other such attributes declared in the Noble Book and the Sunnah.

The Jahmiyyah, along with those of the Mu‘tazilah and others who agree with them, say that none of these attributes, nor any others, subsist in His Essence.

The Kullābiyyah, along with those of the Sālimiyyah and others who agree with them, say: “Attributes subsist in Him independently of His will and power. As for whatever occurs by His will and power, it can only be something created and separate from Him.”

وَقَالَ شَيْخُ الْإِسْلَامِ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ تَقِيُّ الدِّينِ بْنُ تَيْمِيَّة - قَدَّسَ اللَّهُ رُوحَهُ وَنَوَّرَ ضَرِيحَهُ -: فَصْلٌ: فِي الصِّفَاتِ الِاخْتِيَارِيَّةِ وَهِيَ الْأُمُورُ الَّتِي يَتَّصِفُ بِهَا الرَّبُّ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَتَقُومُ بِذَاتِهِ بِمَشِيئَتِهِ وَقُدْرَتِهِ؛ مِثْلُ كَلَامِهِ وَسَمْعِهِ وَبَصَرِهِ وَإِرَادَتِهِ وَمَحَبَّتِهِ وَرِضَاهُ وَرَحْمَتِهِ وَغَضَبِهِ وَسَخَطِهِ؛ وَمِثْلُ خَلْقِهِ وَإِحْسَانِهِ وَعَدْلِهِ؛ وَمِثْلُ اسْتِوَائِهِ وَمَجِيئِهِ وَإِتْيَانِهِ وَنُزُولِهِ وَنَحْوُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ الصِّفَاتِ الَّتِي نَطَقَ بِهَا الْكِتَابُ الْعَزِيزُ وَالسُّنَّةُ. " فالْجَهْمِيَّة " وَمَنْ وَافَقَهُمْ مِنْ " الْمُعْتَزِلَةِ " وَغَيْرِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ: لَا يَقُومُ بِذَاتِهِ شَيْءٌ مِنْ هَذِهِ الصِّفَاتِ وَلَا غَيْرِهَا. وَ " الْكُلَّابِيَة " وَمَنْ وَافَقَهُمْ مِنْ " السالمية " وَغَيْرِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ: " تَقُومُ صِفَاتٌ بِغَيْرِ مَشِيئَتِهِ وَقُدْرَتِهِ؛ فَأَمَّا مَا يَكُونُ بِمَشِيئَتِهِ وَقُدْرَتِهِ: فَلَا يَكُونُ إلَّا مَخْلُوقًا مُنْفَصِلًا عَنْهُ " .

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