most exalted; He has always been and will always remain One, with all His attributes, which are attributes of His essence:

“He is the Most Subtle, the All-Aware.”

He spoke to Moses, saying to him:

“Indeed, I am your Lord.”

Whoever claims that someone other than Allah spoke to him has disbelieved in Allah.

For Allah descends every night to the lowest heaven and says: “Is there anyone calling upon Me, that I may answer him? Is there anyone repenting, that I may accept his repentance?” Whoever claims that it is His knowledge or His command that descends has gone astray. Rather, the One who descends to the lowest heaven is the One who is worshipped—glory be to Him—to whom people say, “O Most Compassionate, O Most Merciful!” He speaks to His servants without specifying how.

“The Most Compassionate rose over the Throne”—without specifying how, not as the Jahmiyyah claim, that He took possession of sovereignty or gained mastery. Rather, He rose over His Throne, without specifying how. He is Allah, to whom belong the most beautiful names. Whoever claims that any of His names is created or newly originated is a Jahmī.

Allah addresses His servants repeatedly, recounting His narratives and reiterating His commands and prohibitions to them, generation after generation. Whoever claims that Allah does not address His servants or repeatedly recount His narratives and reiterate His commands and prohibitions to them is astray and an innovator. Rather, Allah, with all the attributes of His essence, is One, and has always been and will always remain so. Anything ascribed to Allah among His attributes of action that is not separate from Him is uncreated. Everything ascribed to Allah that is separate from Him and other than Him is created.

And I say: All the actions of His servants are created.

And I say: Faith consists of speech and action; it increases and decreases. The best of people after the Messenger, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, is Abū Bakr, then ʿUmar, then ʿUthmān, then ʿAlī.