Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

He also said:

Section: The Great and Momentous Principle Concerning “Questions of Attributes and Actions”

Regarding their beginninglessness, their necessity or possibility, the terms derived from them, or the necessity of the kind as such and the possibility of particular instances.

We say:

Ascriptions to Allah, glorified be He, in the Quran and Sunnah—whether joining one noun to another in a possessive construction, attributing a verb to a noun, or predicating one noun of another—fall into three categories.

The first is the ascription of an attribute to the one who possesses it, as in His words, exalted be He:

“They encompass nothing of His knowledge.”

And His words:

“Indeed, Allah is the Provider, the Possessor of strength.”

In the hadith of istikhāra:

“O Allah, I ask You to choose for me by Your knowledge and to grant me ability by Your power.”

And in another hadith:

“O Allah, by Your knowledge of the unseen and Your power over creation.”

These are examples of ascription through a possessive construction.

As for ascription through a verbal form, examples include His words:

“Allah knew that you were betraying yourselves.”

And His words:

“He knew that you would not be able to keep it up, so He turned to you in mercy.”

وَقَالَ: فَصْلٌ: فِي الْقَاعِدَةِ الْعَظِيمَةِ الْجَلِيلَةِ فِي " مَسَائِلِ الصِّفَاتِ وَالْأَفْعَالِ " مِنْ حَيْثُ قِدَمُهَا وَوُجُوبُهَا أَوْ جَوَازُهَا وَمُشْتَقَّاتُهَا أَوْ وُجُوبُ النَّوْعِ مُطْلَقًا وَجَوَازُ الْآحَادِ مُعَيَّنًا. فَنَقُولُ: الْمُضَافَاتُ إلَى اللَّهِ سُبْحَانَهُ فِي الْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ سَوَاءٌ كَانَتْ إضَافَةَ اسْمٍ إلَى اسْمٍ أَوْ نِسْبَةَ فِعْلٍ إلَى اسْمٍ أَوْ خَبَرٍ بِاسْمِ عَنْ اسْمٍ لَا يَخْلُو مِنْ ثَلَاثَةِ أَقْسَامٍ: أَحَدُهَا إضَافَةُ الصِّفَةِ إلَى الْمَوْصُوفِ كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: {وَلَا يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ عِلْمِهِ} وَقَوْلِهِ: {إنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الرَّزَّاقُ ذُو الْقُوَّةِ} . وَفِي حَدِيثِ الِاسْتِخَارَةِ: {اللَّهُمَّ إنِّي أَسْتَخِيرُكَ بِعِلْمِك وَأَسْتَقْدِرُك بِقُدْرَتِك} وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الْآخَرِ {اللَّهُمَّ بِعِلْمِك الْغَيْبَ وَقُدْرَتِك عَلَى الْخَلْقِ} فَهَذَا فِي الْإِضَافَةِ الِاسْمِيَّةِ. وَأَمَّا بِصِيغَةِ الْفِعْلِ فَكَقَوْلِهِ: {عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ تَخْتَانُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ} وَقَوْلِهِ: {عَلِمَ أَنْ لَنْ تُحْصُوهُ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ} .

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