If, however, you say that He is neither separate from the world nor within it, you are asked: “Can one conceive of two independently existing entities, neither of which is separate from the other nor occupies the same space as it?” Most rational people maintain that the invalidity of this is self-evident.

If he says, “Yes, that is conceivable,” he is told: If an independently existing entity can exist without being either separate from the world or occupying the same space as it, then it is more rationally conceivable that One who is separate from the world should descend to it without what is above the world being left without Him. For if you affirm the existence only of what you can conceive as having a reality outside the mind, you cannot conceive, in external reality, of two independently existing entities, neither of which is within the other nor occupies the same space as it. If, however, you affirm something whose reality outside the mind you cannot conceive, then the existence of two entities, one separate from the other, is more rationally conceivable. And His descending without what is above the Throne being left without Him is more rationally conceivable than His being neither above the world nor within it. Thus, if you judge by analogy, analogy counts against you, not for you; and if you do not judge by it, you cannot validly use it to argue against your opponent.

As for the questioner’s statement, “This does not answer my question; rather, it evades the answer,” he is told: There are “two kinds” of response: a response to an objector who denies His descent and His being above creation, and a response to someone who affirms His descent and His being above creation. You did not ask as someone seeking guidance, but as an objector intent on denial.

It has already been made clear to you that this objection is invalid and does not help your case. Whether it is said that the Throne is left without Him or that it is not left without Him, neither statement lends validity to your claim that He is neither within the world nor outside it, or to your claim that He Himself is in every place. And if