The eighth argument:

If every body is a physical form, and everything worshipped besides Allah Most High—the sun, the moon, the stars, idols, and other things—consists of bodies that are physical forms, then, if Allah mentioned this concerning the calf in order thereby to deny its divinity, this argument must apply consistently to all objects of worship.

Yet it is well known that Allah did not mention this concerning anything other than the calf. He mentioned its being a physical form to explain why they were captivated by it, not to make that the argument against them. Rather, He argued against them on the grounds that it neither spoke to them nor guided them to any path.

The ninth argument:

He, glorified be He, says in Sūrat al-Aʿrāf:

“Do they have feet with which they walk, or hands with which they grasp, or eyes with which they see, or ears with which they hear?”

There are two views concerning this verse:

The first is that He described them as having these deficiencies to show that the worshipper is more perfect than the object of worship.

The second is that He mentioned this because the object of worship must possess the opposite of these attributes. If the first view is adopted, the same could be said concerning the verse about the calf; it would then have no bearing on the attributes of the Deity.

If the second view is adopted, the Lord Most High must possess what He denied of the idols.

In that case, if these things are bodies, this indication would contradict