Your creation”.

This is also the position of Abū Yūsuf. Abū Yūsuf said:

“The expression ‘By the seat of might in His Throne’ refers to Allah, so I do not disapprove of it. But I disapprove of saying, ‘By the right of so-and-so,’ or ‘By the right of Your prophets and messengers,’ or ‘By the right of the Sacred House and the Sacred Monument.’”

Al-Qudūrī said:

“Petitioning Him by His creation is impermissible, because created beings have no right over the Creator. It is therefore impermissible by agreement.”

This statement of Abū Hanīfa and his disciples—that Allah is not to be petitioned by any created being—has two meanings.

The first accords with the position of all the other imams who prohibit swearing by a created being. For if adjuring a created being by another created being is prohibited, then prohibiting the adjuration of the Creator by a created being is all the more warranted and appropriate. This differs from His own swearing—glory be to Him—by His creation, as in:

“By the night when it covers, and by the day when it appears”;
“By the sun and its brightness”;
“By those who extract with violence”;
“By those lined up in rows.”

His swearing by His creation includes mention of His signs, which attest to His power, wisdom, and oneness, and thus makes such oaths fitting. Created beings are different: their swearing by created things constitutes associating partners with their Creator. Thus, it is reported in the Sunan collections that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said:

“Whoever swears by anything other than Allah has associated partners with Him.”

Al-Tirmidhī and others graded this report authentic. Another wording states:

“Has committed disbelief.”

Al-Hākim graded this authentic. It is also authentically reported from him in the two Sahīh collections that he said:

“Whoever wishes to swear an oath should swear by Allah or remain silent.”

He also said:

“Do not swear by your fathers, for Allah forbids you to swear by your fathers.”

The two Sahīh collections also report that he said:

“Whoever swears by al-Lāt and al-‘Uzzā should say: ‘There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah.’”