and ‘Abd Allāh ibn Ahmad and others: “The discourse of the Jahmiyyah revolves entirely around saying that there is nothing in heaven.”

‘Alī ibn al-Hasan ibn Shaqīq said: “I asked ‘Abd Allāh ibn al-Mubārak, ‘How do we know our Lord?’ He replied, ‘By knowing that He is above His heavens, upon His Throne, distinct from His creation.’ I asked, ‘With a limit?’ He replied, ‘With a limit known to none but Him.’” This is well known from Ibn al-Mubārak and reliably transmitted from him through several chains. It is also authentically and reliably reported from Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Ishāq ibn Rāhawayh, and several other imams.

A man said to ‘Abd Allāh ibn al-Mubārak: “Abū ‘Abd al-Rahmān, I have come to fear Allah because of how often I supplicate against the Jahmiyyah.” He replied: “Do not be afraid, for they claim that your God, who is in heaven, is nothing.”

Jarīr ibn ‘Abd al-Hamīd said: “The discourse of the Jahmiyyah begins as honey and ends as poison. All they are trying to say is that there is no God in heaven.” This was narrated by Ibn Abī Hātim.

He and others also narrated through reliable chains that ‘Abd al-Rahmān ibn Mahdī said: “The Jahmiyyah sought to deny that Allah, Mighty and Majestic, spoke to Moses son of ‘Imrān and that He is upon the Throne. In my view, they should be called upon to repent. If they repent, so be it; otherwise, they should be beheaded.”

Yazīd ibn Hārūn said: “Whoever claims that Allah rose over the Throne in a sense contrary to what is settled in the hearts of ordinary people is a Jahmī.”

When the Jahmiyyah were mentioned in his presence, Sa‘īd ibn ‘Āmir al-Duba‘ī said: “What they say is worse than what the Jews and Christians say. The followers of other religions agree with the Muslims that Allah is upon the Throne, whereas these people say that there is nothing upon it.”